Chapter 5 - Human Movement Science

Question 1

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

Answer 1

Biomechanics

Question 2

positioned above a point of reference

Answer 2

superior

Question 3

positioned below a point of reference

Answer 3

inferior

Question 4

positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference

Answer 4

proximal

Question 5

positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of referene

Answer 5

distal

Question 6

on the front of the body

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

on the back of the body

Answer 7

posterior

Question 8

positioned neat the middle of the body

Answer 8

medial

Question 9

positioned toward the outside of the body

Answer 9

lateral

Question 10

positioned on the opposite side of the body

Answer 10

contralateral

Question 11

positioned on the same side of the body

Answer 11

ipsilateral

Question 12

the position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward.

Answer 12

anatomic position

Question 13

an imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

Answer 13

sagittal plane

Question 14

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments dereases

Answer 14

flexion

Question 15

Plane of motion occuring with flexion/extension on a coronal axis

Answer 15

Sagittal

Question 16

Plane of motion occuring with adduction/abduction, lateral flexion, eversion/inversion on an anterior-posterior axis

Answer 16

Frontal

Question 17

Plane of motion occuring with internal/external rotation, left/right rotation, horizontal adducction/abduction on a longitudinal plane

Answer 17

Transverse

Question 18

Biceps curl, tricep push-down, squat, front lunge, calf raise, walking, running, vertical jumping, climbing stairs all occur in which plane of motion?

Answer 18

Sagittal

Question 19

Side lateral raise, side lunge, and side shuffle all occur in which plane of motion?

Answer 19

Frontal

Question 20

Trunk rotation, throwing, golfing, and swinging a bat all occur in which plane of motion?

Answer 20

Transverse

Question 21

Flexion where toe points up toward you.

Answer 21

Dorsiflexion

Question 22

Flexion where toe point down and away.

Answer 22

Plantar flexion

Question 23

Flexion where knee bends leg backward as in a hamstring curl.

Answer 23

Knee flexion

Question 24

extension where knee direct the foot out and away from the body.

Answer 24

knee extension

Question 25

high knee leg raise is an example of which type of flexion?

Answer 25

hip flexion; femoral-on-pelvic rotation

Question 26

bending forward hinging at the hip as in a deadlift is an example of what type of flexion?

Answer 26

Hip flexion: pelvic-on-femoral rotation

Question 27

extending the leg straight and directly backwards is an example of?

Answer 27

hip extension

Question 28

bending the upper back and head forward is an example of spinal ___________ .

Answer 28

Flexion

Question 29

bending the head and upper back backwards is an example of spinal ________ .

Answer 29

Extension

Question 30

bending at the elbow bringin the hand toward the shoulder is an example of elbow __________ .

Answer 30

Flexion

Question 31

hinging at the elbow and extending the arm down and outward is an example of Elbow ________ .

Answer 31

Extension

Question 32

bringing the arm overhead is an example of shoulder ___________ .

Answer 32

Flexion

Question 33

bring the arm straight down and away is an example of shoulder _____________ .

Answer 33

Extension

Question 34

bending the head forward and down is an example of cervical ____________ .

Answer 34

Flexion

Question 35

extending the head back and upward is an example of cervical ___________ .

Answer 35

Extension

Question 36

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Answer 36

Extension

Question 37

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Answer 37

hyperextension

Question 38

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

Answer 38

frontal plane

Question 39

a movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.

Answer 39

abduction

Question 40

movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Answer 40

adduction

Question 41

an imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Answer 41

Transverse Plane

Question 42

rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

Answer 42

internal rotation

Question 43

rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

Answer 43

external rotation

Question 44

movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

Answer 44

horizontal abduction

Question 45

movment of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

Answer 45

horizontal adduction

Question 46

side bend is an example of ______________ flexion

Answer 46

lateral

Question 47

Eversion, inversion, hip abduction/adduction, lateral flexion, shoulder abduction/adduction, and cervical lateral flexion are all examples of ___________ and ___________ movements. Pg 81

Answer 47

adduction and abduction

Question 48

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline.

Answer 48

scapular retraction

Question 49

abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

Answer 49

scapular protraction

Question 50

downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Answer 50

scapular depression

Question 51

upward (superior) motion of the scapula

Answer 51

scapular elevation

Question 52

rotate extended arm to face palm outward.

Answer 52

Radioulnar supination

Question 53

rotate extended arm to face palm inward

Answer 53

radioulnar pronation

Question 54

rotate lifted arms outward

Answer 54

shoulder horizontal abduction

Question 55

rotate lifted arms inward

Answer 55

shoulder horizontal adduction

Question 56

a muscle contraction where force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion. (constant muscle tension). Two kinds: Eccentric and Concentric

Answer 56

Isotonic

Question 57

muscle action that occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

Answer 57

Eccentric.

Question 58

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

Answer 58

Concentric

Question 59

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visisble change in the muscle length.

Answer 59

Isometric

Question 60

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.

Answer 60

Isokinetic

Question 61

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

Answer 61

Force

Question 62

the resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Answer 62

Length-Tension Relationship

Question 63

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

Answer 63

Force-Couple

Question 64

Common force couple that creates a trunk rotation movement

Answer 64

Internal and external obliques

Question 65

a common force couple that causes upward rotation of the scapula

Answer 65

upper trapezius and the lower portion of the serratus anterior

Question 66

a common force-couple that produces hip and knee extension during walking, running, stair climbing, etc.

Answer 66

Gluteus maximus, quadriceps, and calf

Question 67

a common for couple that performs plantarflexion at the foot and ankle complex

Answer 67

Gastrocnemius, peroneus longus, and tibialis posterior

Question 68

a common force-couple that performs should abduction

Answer 68

deltoid and rotator cuff

Question 69

movement of the bones around the joints

Answer 69

Rotary Motion

Question 70

A force that produces rotation. Common unit of measurement is the newton-meter or Nm.

Answer 70

Torque

Question 71

Motor response to internal and extternal environmental stimuli

Answer 71

Motor Behavior

Question 72

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

Answer 72

Motor Control

Question 73

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.

Answer 73

Motor Learning

Question 74

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

Answer 74

Motor development

Question 75

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.

Answer 75

Muscle Synergies

Question 76

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements.

Answer 76

Proprioception

Question 77

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

Answer 77

Sensorimotor Integration

Question 78

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.

Answer 78

Feedback

Question 79

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

Answer 79

Internal Feedback

Question 80

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment.

Answer 80

External Feedback