Chapter 5 - Lesson 2 Flashcards
Components of Energy Out
What are the four componenets of energy expenditure?
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF)
Thermic Effect of Activity (TEA)
Non-Exercising Activity THermogenesis (NEAT)
What does energy out refer to?
use of calories aftrer they have been consumed
What does the resting metabolic rate refer to?
the total numbe rof calories burned when the body is completely at rest
basal metabolism; supports breathing, curculating blood, organ functions, basic neuroligical functions
What rate does RMR decline with age?
2% men; 3% women per decade
loss of lean body mass
RMR is proportional to lean body mass and decreases approximately __ for each __ increase in body fatness.
0.01 kcal/min; 1%
What does the termic effect of food represent?
(TEF) increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal; 10% of daily energy
Spontaneous physical activity an dplanne dsustained exercise can account for what percentable of daily energy expenditure?
15-30%
What are some examples of the thermic effect of activity?
physical work, muscular activity, planned and structured exercise
What is NEAT a component of?
Thermic effect of activity (TEA)
What is NEAT?
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis; everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or exercising; energy we consume during daily activities; anything that increases metabolic rate
walking at work, typing, fidgeting
What are some activities to promote NEAT?
tasks around the house, play with kids, 10 minute walks, walking meetings, face and fidget, take stairs
What is the biological process of combining free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides?
Lipogenesis
What is the biological process of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipolysis
What is the process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways?
Glycogenolysis
What is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids?
Gluconeogenesis
What is hyperthryoidism?
Excess TH, creates a condition characterised by increased resting energy expenditure, weight loss, reduced cholesterol levels, increased lipolysis and gluconeogenesis
What is hypothyroidism?
Reduction in TH levels, is characterised by reduced resting energy expenditure, weight gain, increased cholesterol levels, reduced lipolysis, and reduced gluconeogenesis
What is produced by the adrenal glands and is released in reponse to stress?
cortisol
released during periods of stress, increase in heart rate and blood pressure, elevated glucose levels
What hormones are produced in the adrenal glands?
adrenaline, aldosterone, cortisol, etc
Roughly what percentage of daily energy expenditure comes from the thermic effect of activity (TEA)?
15-30%
What are some bodily functions that are supported by a person’s resting metabolism?
breathing, blood circulation, neurological functions, ect
Which component of energy expenditure represents the easiest way to increase total daily caloric expenditure for individuals focused on reducing body fat?
Non-Exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
Sleep deprivation (i.e., sleeping only 3.5-5.5 hours per night) has been shown to be responsible for what?
Reduced resting metabolic rate
