Chapter 5 - Review Questions Flashcards
What percent of daily energy expenditure is accounted for by the process of consuming food?
10%
Worldwide, activity levels (including occupational work, home/domestic work, leisure and exercise, and physical activity) are __.
declining
Energy utilized for immediate work is known as __.
Kinetic
What is best defined as the energy accounted for during digestion and processing of food?
Thermic effect of feeding (TEF)
The basic energy need of an average human being is approximately how many Calories?
2000
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
3
What foods tend to have a higher thermic response than others?
high-protein foods
Energy expended during walking at work, typing, walking to and from meetings, and fidgeting is referred to as __.
Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
During the first few seconds of exercise, regardless of intensity, what system is primarily utilized?
ATP-PC system
Which is one of the key features that distinguishes life from non-life?
metabolism
Which organ produces and releases insulin?
pancreas
The first law of thermodynamics is also referred to as __.
the law of conservation of energy
Between 1969/1971 and 1999/2001, global food consumption per person has risen by how much?
approx. 400kcal per person per day
What is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?
3.5 ml O2/kg/min
Which principle describes how all energy taken into the body is accounted for; energy is either utilized directly, stored, or transformed to kinetic energy or heat?
The first law of thermodynamics
The process of generating energy (in the form of ATP) from nutrients we consume in our diet is referred to as __.
energy metabolism
Which macro category includes glucose (sugar), starches, and non-digestible cellulose?
carbohydrates
What is the process of generating energy from the food we eat?
metabolism
Calories (energy) in versus calories (energy) out is an example of what principle?
first law of thermodynamics
What are shorter sleep cycles associated with?
weight gain
A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass (central adiposity in particular), reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?
testosterone
