Chapter 5 - Lesson 1 Flashcards
Energy Balance and Metabolism
What is the chemical process within a living organism that converts food to energy?
metabolism
distiguishes life from non-life
What is the primary source of engry to sustain life on Earth?
the Sun
solar energy converts to chemical energy through photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis?
The process of turning solar energy into chemical energy. Converts Co2 and water into glucose and oxygen. Energy is stored in chemical bonds of glucose molecules.
What are the primary molecules that store energy in chemical bonds?
carbohydrates, fats & proteins
Carbohydrates can be broken down for immediate use as ___ or stored for later use in the form of ___.
glucose, glycogen
What is ATP?
Adensosine triphosphate; chemical compound that provides energy to drive muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, and the vast majority of chemical reactions that facilitate human life; adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups; present in ALL living tissue
energy currency of life
What is the estimated calorie needs per day, by age, sex, and physical activity level called?
Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE); approximately 2000 calories
What are the connected pathways of metabolism?
aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen)
What is the first Laws of Thermodynamics?
All energy taken into the body is accounted for; it is either utilized directly, stored, or transformed to kinetic energy or heat; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created nor destroyed
calories in vs calories out
Thermodynamics describes the relationship between __ and __.
heat and energy
What can be stored or used for work?
Energy; the ability to do work
potential vs kinetic
What is the balance of calories consumed through eating and drinking minus the calories burned during the digestion and processing of food (TEF), non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and calories burned during exercise and physical activity (TEA).
Energy balance
energy in vs energy out
What individual factors influence energy balance?
genetics, psychology, demographics
What is an energy surplus in relation to rates of obesity?
When the energy intake is greater than energy expenditure; increased caloric intake and decrease caloric expenditure
rise in rate of being overweight and obesity
What are the primary molecules in our food that store energy within their chemical bonds?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
What molecules’ bond is broken during the usage of ATP that results in an ADP molecule and the release of free energy to drive muscle contractions?
Phosphate
What componenets of energy balance represent energy in?
food, beverages
Which of the following is an individual factor that affects energy balance?
Psychology
