Chapter 5 - Lesson 4 Flashcards
Metabolic Energy Systems
What simple forms are carbs, fats and proteins broken down to?
glucose, fatty acids, amino acids
How many grams of ATP can the human body store?
80-100 grams; enough for a few seconds of high-intensity activity
What are the three primary energy systems?
ATP-PC, glycolysis (anaerobic), oxidative (aerobic)
What is the first pathway in the energy system?
ATP-PC; phosphagen system
What is Phosphocreatine (PC)?
a chemical compound stored in the muscles in limited supply
What happens in the ATP-PC system of energy?
it is the primary energy system used for all-out exercise; 10-15 seconds; quick fatigue
How long do phosphocreatine (PC) take to replenish?
2 minutes of rest
What is glycolysis?
the breakdown (-lysis) of glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions; first step of carbohydrate metabolism, an anaerobic pathway, that breaks glucose or glycogen down to pyruvate
What happens in the Glycolytic system of energy?
anaerobic; medium to high-intensity bursts; 10 seconds to 2 minutes; dominant energy system for short, intense exercise
The availability of __ determines the fate of the end product for glycolysis.
oxygen
What is lactate?
energy substrate that is used to support metabolism during high-intensity exercise
Which energy system is most utilized?
aerobic system
How is the aerobic energy system utilized?
provides energy for low-intensity activities; 2 minutes to several hours, requires oxygen
What is the fuel used for aerobic activities?
combination of fat and carbohydrates
What is the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and its properties?
the ratio between the amount of carbon dioxide produced in metabolism and oxygen used; VO2 max test
The aerobic system also includes the __ cycle and the __ __ chain.
Krebs; electron transport
What is lipolysis?
The biological process of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.
When there is not enough oxygen available, what is pyruvate converted to instead of being used aerobically within the mitochondria?
lactic acid
How much total ATP can be created by the complete anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose?
36 molecules
