Chapter 5 - Lesson 3 Flashcards
Components of Energy In
What factors can influence appetite?
food in stomach, leptin and ghrelin production, social factors, activity level
What is a form of emotional eating that is driven solely by pleaseure and not hunger?
Hedonistic eating
What is leptin and what is its role in appetite?
Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose cells that decreases appetite when released. Leptin sends a signal to the brain signaling that enough food has been consumed and appetite should be inhibited.
What happens when leptin levels are low?
induce appetite, suppress energy expenditure, thyroid and repoductive hormones, and immunity
What is ghrelin?
a hormone that is produced and released primarily by the stomach, with small amounts also released by the small intestine, pancreas, and brain; stimulates appetite and promotes fat storage
hunger hormone
What is CCK?
Cholesystokinin; hormone released in the gastrointestinal system and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein; secreted by cells of the upper small intestine; stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine to help breakdown fat and protein
Where is NPY produced?
brain; hypothalamus
What does NPY help stimulate?
sympathetic nervouse system; appetitte and fat storage
What is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when blood glucose levels are high, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or storage as glycogen?
insulin
Insulin __ glucose uptake in peripheral tissue while also __ the prodution of glucose by the liver.
increases; decreasing
What is a hormone that is released when blood sugars decrease below a certain threshold?
glucagon
What are the two hormones receiving the most attention regarding hunger, food preferences, and satiety?
leptin and ghrelin
Using food to make yourself feel better is called __.
emotional eating
stress eating
What are some individual factors that affect metabolism?
body composition; lifestyle habits; age; food allergies
What is food processing?
any procedure that alters food from its natural state, such as freezing, drying, milling, canning, mixing, or adding salt, sugar, fat, or additives
Which hormone is produced by adipose cells and helps stimulate satiety?
leptin
What are some facts of the hormone ghrelin?
stimulates appetite; release by stomach; concentration affected by age and gender
Which hormone is released by the pancreas and helps to either usher glucose into cells or store it as glycogen when blood sugar levels are high?
insulin
