Chapter 5: Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
nose
A
line with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air
2
Q
nasal septum
A
partition separating right and left nasal cavities
3
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
4
Q
pharynx
A
serves as a food and air passageway. air goes from nose to pharynx to larynx. (aka throat)
5
Q
adenoids
A
lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx
6
Q
larynx
A
location of the vocal cords. air enters from the pharynx (voice box)
7
Q
epiglottis
A
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
8
Q
trachea
A
passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx (windpipe)
9
Q
bronchus
A
1 of the 2 branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. the branching resemble a tree- referred to as a bronchial tree
10
Q
bronchioles
A
smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
11
Q
alveoli
A
air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. O2 and CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries
12
Q
thorax
A
chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs.
13
Q
thoracic cavity
A
hollow space between neck and diaphragm
14
Q
lungs
A
two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. right lung 3 lobes, left lung 2 lobes
15
Q
pleura
A
double folded, serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavitywith a small space in between, called pleural cavity which contains serous fluid
16
Q
mediastinum
A
space between lungs. it contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures
17
Q
diaphragm
A
muscular partition that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity. help in breathing process by contracting and relaxing to move air in/out
18
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoids
19
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus (s.), alveoli (pl.)
20
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl.)
21
Q
bronchi/o
A
bronchus (s.), bronchi (pl.)
22
Q
diaphragmat/o
A
diaphragm
23
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
24
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
25
lob/o
lobe(s)
26
mediastin/o
mediastinum
27
nas/o
nose
28
pharyng/o
pharynx
29
atel/o
imperfect, incomplete
30
capn/o
carbon dioxide
31
carcin/o
cancer
32
coni/o
dust
33
hem/o
blood
34
muc/o
mucus
35
myc/o
fungus
36
a-, an-
absence of, without
37
dys-
painful, difficult, labored, abnormal
38
endo-
within
39
eu-
normal, good
40
hyper-
above, excessive
41
pleur/o
pleura
42
pneum/o
lung, air
43
pneumon/o
lung, air
44
pulmon/o
lung
45
rhin/o
nose
46
sept/o
septum
47
sinus/o
sinus(es)
48
thorac/o
thorax, chest, chest cavity
49
tonsill/o
tonsil(s)
50
trache/o
trachea
51
orth/o
straight
52
ox/i
oxygen
53
phon/o
sound, voice
54
py/o
pus
55
somn/o
sleep
56
spir/o
breathe/ breathing
57
hypo-
below, incomplete, deficient, under
58
intra-
within
59
neo-
new
60
poly-
many, much
61
tachy-
fast, rapid
62
-al
pertaining to
63
-ar, -ary
pertaining to
64
-cele
hernia, protrusion
65
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)
66
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
67
-eal
pertaining to
68
-ectasis
stretching out, dilation, expansion
69
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
70
-emia
in the blood
71
-genic
producing, originating, causing
72
-ia
diseased or abnormal state
73
-ic
pertaining to
74
-itis
inflammation
75
-logist
one who studies and treats
76
-logy
study of
77
-meter
instrument used to measure
78
-metry
measurement
79
-oid
resembling
80
-oma
tumor, swelling
81
-osis
abnormal condition
82
-ous
pertaining to
83
-plasm
growth, substance, formation
84
-plasty
surgical repair
85
-pnea
breathing
86
-ptysis
spitting, coughing
87
-rrhagia
excessive bleeding
88
-rrhea
flow, discharge
89
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
90
-scopic
pertaining to visual examination
91
-scopy
visual examination
92
-spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
93
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
94
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
95
-thorax
chest, chest cavity
96
-tomy
cut into, incision
97
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
98
alveolitis
inflammation of the alveoli (pulmonary or dental)
99
atelectasis
incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lung)
100
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
101
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
102
bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumour originating in a bronchus (also known as lung cancer)
103
bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (inflammation of lungs that starts in the terminal bronchioles)
104
bronchospasm
spasmodic contraction of the bronchi
105
diaphragmatocele
hernia of the diaphragm
106
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
107
hemothorax
blood in the chest cavity (pleural cavity)
108
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
109
laryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the larynx
110
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
111
lobar pneumonia
pertaining to the lobes; diseased state of the lung (infection of 1 or more lobes of the lung)
112
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
113
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
114
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura (also called pleurisy)
115
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
116
pneumonia
diseased state of the lung
117
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
118
pneumothorax
air in the chest cavity (specifically the pleural cavity which causes lung collapse)
119
pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)
120
pyothorax
puts in the chest cavity (pleural cavity) (also empyema)
121
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose (mucous membranes)
122
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
123
rhinorrhagia
excessive bleeding from the nose (also called epistaxis)
124
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
125
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
126
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
127
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
128
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult. symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)
129
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation
130
asthma
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
131
chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD)
progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are 2 main components of COPD. (most commonly due to cigarettes)
132
coccidioidomycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (aka valley fever)
133
coronavirus disease (COVID- 19)
respiratory inflection caused by virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, etc.,. can range from mild to severe with possibility of ARDS and multi system organ failure
134
croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx characterized by barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. can be caused by viral/ bacterial infection, allergy, foreign body. mostly in children
135
cystic fibrosis (CF)
hereditary disorder of the exocrine gland characterized by excess mucous production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency , and other symptoms
136
deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
137
diphtheria
serious bacterial infection affecting mucous membrane of the nose and throat. creates a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx which can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, death. it is rare in developed countries bc there is a vaccine
138
emphysema
loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. As a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen (part of COPD)
139
epitaxis
nosebleed
140
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs. etiology unknown; no cure
141
influenza
highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract
142
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea (no breathing); can cause daytime drowsiness and hypertension
143
pertussis
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, acute crowning inspiration or whoop. mainly effects infants too young to be vaccinated or adults whose immunity has faded
144
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma
145
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure
146
pulmonary embolism
matter foreign to the circulation carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or amount. blood clot broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are most common causes.
147
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious bacterial disease. most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs. may spread to other organs
148
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx usually caused by a virus (commonly called a cold)
149
adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
150
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
151
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
152
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
153
laryngostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the larynx
154
laryngotracheotomy
incision into the larynx and trachea
155
lobectomy
excision of a lobe (of the lung)
156
pleurodesis
fusion of the pleura.
157
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
158
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
159
septoplasty
surgical repair of nasal septum
160
sinusotomy
incision into a sinus
161
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity
162
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity
163
tonsillectomy
excision of the tonsils
164
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
165
tracheostomy
creation of artificial opening in the trachea
166
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
167
bronchoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
168
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
169
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity
170
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within hollow organ or body cavity
171
endoscopy
visual examination w/in hollow organ or bone cavity
172
laryngoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
173
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
174
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinum
175
thoracoscope
instrument used for visual examination of chest cavity
176
thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest cavity
177
polysomnography (PSG)
process of recording tests during sleep (used to dx obstructive sleep apnea)
178
capnometer
instrument used to measure CO2 levels in expired gas
179
oximeter
instrument used to measure O2 saturation in the blood
180
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing (or lung vol.)
181
spirometry
a measurement of breathing (or airflow)
