Chapter 6: Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
kidney
A
bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. function to remove waste products from blood and aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance
2
Q
nephron
A
urine producing microscopic structure. apprx. 1 million nephrons are in each kidney
3
Q
glomerulus
A
cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood thereby forming urine, begins here
4
Q
renal pelvis
A
funnel- shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects urine and passes it to the ureter
5
Q
hilum
A
indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney
6
Q
ureters
A
2 slender tubes, approx. 10 -13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
7
Q
urinary bladder
A
muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. as it fills, the thick muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size
8
Q
urethra
A
lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. the narrow tube varies in length by sex. in males it is also part of the repro. system and carries seminal fluid.
9
Q
urinary meatus
A
opening through which the urine passes to the outside
10
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder, sac
11
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
12
Q
meat/o
A
meatus
13
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
14
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
15
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
16
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
17
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
18
Q
vesic/o
A
bladder, sac
19
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin
20
Q
azot/o
A
urea, nitrogen
21
Q
blast/o
A
developing cell, germ cell
22
Q
glycos/o
A
sugar
23
Q
hem/o
A
blood
24
Q
hydr/o
A
water
25
lith/o
stone(s), calculus
26
noct/i
night
27
olig/o
scanty, few
28
son/o
sound
29
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
30
urin/o
urine, urinary tract
31
a-
absence of, without
32
dys-
difficult, painful, abnormal., labored
33
poly-
many, much
34
trans-
through, across, beyond
35
-al
pertaining to
36
-ary
pertaining to
37
-cele
hernia, protrusion
38
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
39
-emia
in the blood
40
-gram
the record, radiographic image
41
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic image
42
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
43
-iasis
condition
44
-itis
inflammation
45
-lith
stones, calculus
46
-logist
one who studies and treats
47
-logy
study of
48
-lysis
loosening, dissolution, separating
49
-megaly
enlargment
50
-oma
tumor, swelling
51
-osis
abnormal condition
52
-pexy
surgical fixation
53
-plasty
surgical repair
54
-ptosis
drooping, sagging, prolapse
55
-scope
instrument used for visual examination
56
-scopy
visual examination
57
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
58
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
59
-tomy
cut into, incision
60
-tripsy
surgical crushing
61
-uria
urine, urination
62
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
63
cystocele
protrusion of the bladder
64
cystolith
stones in the bladder
65
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney
66
hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of water in the kidney (swelling due to build up of urine; usually due to a blockage in the ureter)
67
nephritis
inflammation of a kidney
68
nephroblastoma
kidney tumor containing developing germ cells (also called Wilms tumor)
69
nephrolithiasis
condition of stones in the kidney
70
nephroma
tumor of the kidney
71
nephromegaly
enlargement of a kidney
72
nephroptosis
drooping kidney (also called floating kidney)
73
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
74
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
75
uremia
urine (urea nitrogen) in the blood; assoc. with kidney disease, vomiting, weightloss, renal failure
76
ureteritis
inflammation of a ureter
77
ureterocele
protrusion of a ureter
78
ureterolithiasis
condition of stones in the ureter
79
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
80
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
81
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
82
vesicoureteral refulx (VUR)
reflux pertaining to the bladder and ureter (the urine flows backwards towards the kidney)
83
acute kidney injury (AKI)
abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over hours to days and is usually reversible (acute renal failure- ARF)
84
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function (also called chronic renal failure- CRF)
85
end stage renal disease
condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own. dialysis or kidney transplant is necessary for survival
86
epispadias
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis
87
hypospadias
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis. females may also have a form of hypospadias where the urinary meatus is unusually located
88
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine
89
renal calculus
stone in the kidney
90
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
91
urinary retention
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
92
urinary supression
sudden stoppage of urine formation
93
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
94
cystectomy
excision of the bladder
95
cystolithotomy
incision into the bladder to remove stones
96
cystostomy
creation of an artificial opening in the bladder (for urinary drainage) (also called vesicostomy)
97
lithotripsy
surgical crushing of stones (using shock waves)
98
meatotomy
incision into the meatus (to enlarge it)
99
nephrectomy
excision of the kidney
100
nephrolithotomy
incision into the kidney to remove stones
101
nephrolithotripsy
surgical crushing of stones in the kidney (using shock waves)
102
nephrolysis
separating the kidney from other body structures
103
nephropexy
surgical fixation of the kidney
104
nephrostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the kidney
105
pyelolithotomy
incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones
106
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
107
ureterectomy
excision of the ureter
108
ureterostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the ureter (for drainage of urine)
109
urethroplasty
surgical repair of the urethra
110
urostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the urinary system
111
vesicourethral suspension
suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
112
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves. stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine
113
fulguration
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method used to destroy bladder growths)
114
renal transplant
surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function
115
cystogram
radiographic image of bladder
116
cystography
radiographic imaging of the bladder
117
nephrosonography
process of recording the kidney using sound
118
renogram
radiographic record of the kidney (an imagining test, used to evaluate kidney function)
119
retrograde urogram
radiographic image of the urinary tract
120
urogram
radiographic image of the urinary tract
121
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
radiographic imagining of the bladder and urethra
122
cystoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bladder
123
cystoscopy
visual examination of the bladder
124
nephroscopy
visual examination of the kidney
125
ureteroscopy
visual examination of the ureter
126
KUB
simple radiographic image of the abdomen. often used to see kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine their size, shape, and location. (aka flat plate of the abdomen)
127
BUN
blood urea nitrogen; a test that measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. an increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function.
128
creatinine
blood test that measures the amount of a waste product in the blood that comes from the normal wear and tear of muscles. elevated amount can indicate impaired kidney function
129
specific gravity (SG)
test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
130
urinalysis (UA)
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen.
131
urine culture and sensitivity
test performed on a urine specimen to determine the presence of bacteria and yeast; used to diagnose UTIs
132
urodynamics
pertaining to the force and flow of urine w/in the urinary tract.
133
albuminuria
albumin in the urine (is an important protein in the blood, but when found in urine may indicate kidney disease)
134
anuria
absence of urine (failure of the kidney to make urine)
135
azotemia
nitrogen in the blood
136
dysuria
difficult or painful urination
137
glycosuria
sugar (glucose) in the urine
138
hematuria
blood in the urine
139
nocturia
night urination
140
oliguria
scanty urine (amount)
141
polyuria
much (excessive) urine
142
pyuria
pus in the urine
143
nephrologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney
144
nephrology
study of the kidney
145
urologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract
146
urology
study of the urinary tract
147
intravesical
pertaining to within the urinary bladder
148
meatal
pertaining to the meatus
149
transurethral
pertaining to through the urethra
150
urinary
pertaining to urine
151
enuresis
involuntary urination; nocturnal enuresis (bed- wetting); diurnal enuresis (daytime- wetting)
152
prolapse
displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from its normal position (also called ptosis)
153
stricture
abnormal narrowing, such as urethral stricture
154
urinary incotinence
inability to control the bladder causing leakage of urine
155
diuretic
agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine
156
hemodialysis
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so
157
peritoneal dialysis
procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis
158
urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
159
catheter (cath)
flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter for withdrawing or instilling fluids
160
urinal
receptacle for urine
161
distended
stretched out (a bladder is distended when filled with urine)
162
electrolytes
minerals in the body, such as sodium and potassium, that carry an electrolyte charge. electrolyte balance is needed for the body to function normally and is maintained in the kidneys
163
void
to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine
164
AKI
acute kidney injury
165
ESRD
end stage renal disease
166
OAB
overactive bladder
167
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
168
VUR
vesicoureteral reflux
169
KUB
kidneys ureters (and) bladder
170
SG
specific gravity
171
UA
urinalysis
172
VCUG
voiding cystourethrography
173
cath
catheterization, catheter
174
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
175
HD
hemodialysis
