Chapter 7: Male Reproductive System Flashcards
(272 cards)
1
Q
testis
A
primary male sex organ, enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. the testis/testes/testicles make spermatozoa and testosterone
2
Q
seminiferous tubules
A
approx. 900 coiled tubes w/in the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
3
Q
sperm
A
male germ cell, which unite with an egg to make a zygote
4
Q
testosterone
A
the principal male sex hormone. its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male repro. organs and secondary sex characteristics like facial hair
5
Q
epididymis
A
coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens
6
Q
vas deferens
A
duct carrying sperm from epididymis to the urethra. the spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens w/ nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins.
7
Q
seminal vesicles
A
2 accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. the glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen
8
Q
prostate gland
A
walnut shaped gland that encircles that proximal section of the urethra. the prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
9
Q
semen
A
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
10
Q
scrotum
A
sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins. the scrotum is suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
11
Q
penis
A
male organ of urination and coitus (sexual intercourse)
12
Q
glans penis
A
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
13
Q
prepuce
A
fold of skin covering the glans of the penis in uncircumcised males
14
Q
genitalia
A
reproductive organs; includes internal and external organs
15
Q
gonads
A
primary reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females
16
Q
andr/o
A
male
17
Q
balan/o
A
glans penis
18
Q
epididym/o
A
epididymis
19
Q
orch/o
A
testis, testicle
20
Q
orchi/o
A
testis, testicle
21
Q
orchid/o
A
testis, testicle
22
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate gland
23
Q
sperm/o
A
sperm, spermatozoon
24
Q
spermat/o
A
sperm, spermatozoon
25
vas/o
vessel, duct (vas deferens)
26
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
27
cyst/o
bladder, sac
28
crypt/o
hidden
29
lith/o
stones, calculus
30
olig/o
scanty, few
31
a-
absence of, without
32
an-
absence of, without
33
hyper-
above, excessive
34
-algia
pain
35
-tomy
cut into, incision
36
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
37
-pexy
surgical fixation
38
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
39
-pathy
disease
40
-ic
pertaining to
41
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
42
-ism
state of
43
-itis
inflammation
44
-plasty
surgical repair
45
-lith
stones, calculus
46
-rrhea
flow, discharge
47
-stomy
creation of an artificial opening
48
andropathy
disease of the male (specific to the male)
49
anorchism
state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
50
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
51
balanorrhea
discharge from the glans penis
52
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non malignant enlargement causing narrowing of the urethra)
53
cryptorchidism
state of hidden testis (during fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move into the scrotal sac. failure for 1 or both to descend= cryptorchidism)
54
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
55
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
56
orchitis
inflammation of the testis
57
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
58
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder
59
prostatolith
stones in the prostate gland
60
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate gland
61
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
62
erectile dysfunction (ED)
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formally called impotence)
63
hydrocele
fluid filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
64
infertility
reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy. generally defined after 1 year of frequent unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female
65
phimosis
tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its rettraction over the glans penis. it may be congenital or result of balanitis. circumcision is the usual tx plan.
66
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
67
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in med middle age and older
68
spermatocele
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
69
testicular cancer
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 - 35yrs old
70
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and is assoc. with sudden testicular/ scrotal pain. Surgical emergency.
71
varicocele
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling
72
balanoplasty
surgical repair of the glans penis
73
epididymectomy
excision of the epididymis
74
orchiectomy
excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy = castration)
75
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
76
orchioplasty
surgical repair of the testis
77
orchiotomy
incision into the testis
78
prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland
79
prostatocystotomy
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
80
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate gland to remove stones
81
prostatovesiculectomy
excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
82
vasectomy
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally= male sterilization)
83
vasovasostomy
creation of artificial openings between ducts (severed ends of vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
84
vesiculectomy
excision of the seminal vesicles
85
ablation
destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing or eroding
86
circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin); all or part of the foreskin may be removed
87
enucleation
excision of a whole organ or mass w/o cutting into it
88
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a fluid filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)
89
laser surgery
use of a focused beam of light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and control bleeding. Uses a variety of non invasive, minimally invasive procedures.
90
two types of lasers to treat BPH:
1. holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP)
2. photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)
91
morcellation
cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
92
robotic surgery
use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table
93
sterilization
surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or the male to induce conception
94
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate gland tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when prostate gland is less enlarged
95
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated microwave
96
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
97
MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
combination of magnetic resonance imaging w/ transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue form a prostate lesion. Software merges existing images to direct the needle biopsy into the area of the prostate that look suspicious on MRI
98
multiparametric MRI
MRI procedure providing info of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer. it uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumours
99
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum
100
prostate- specific antigen (PSA)
blood test measures the level of prostate specific antigen in the blood.
101
semen analysis
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm. evaluates infertility and effectiveness of vasectomy
102
total testosterone
blood test to measure the level of the hormone responsible for male physical characteristics (testosterone); used to detect multiple conditions in men/women like infertility
103
digital rectal examination (DRE)
physical examination in which one finger is inserted into rectum to palpate prostate through rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer.
104
aspermia
condition of without sperm
105
oligospermia
condition of scanty sperm
106
orchialgia
pain in the testis (also called testalgia)
107
chlamydia
STI, caused by bacterium C. trachomatis. Symptoms only occur when the disease is serious
108
genital herpes
STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2
109
gonorrhea
STI caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract
110
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
STI caused by a retrovirus that infects T- helper cells of the immune system. May be acquired in utero or through blood via needle sharing. advanced HIV = AIDS
111
human papillomavirus (HPV)
STI caused by viral infection. (also called genital warts)
112
STI
infection spread through sexual contact. (also called STD)
113
syphilis
infection caused by bacterium Treponema Pallidum. rapidly spreads throughout the body and can progress thru stages. usually sexually transmitted but can be acquired in utero and direct contact with infected skin
114
trichomoniasis
STI from a 1 cell organism trichomonas. infects the genitourinary tract. men can be asymptomatic or experience urethritis, enlarged prostate, epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, vaginal/ urethra discharge
115
artificial insemination
introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into female repro. system. used as an infertility tx option
116
condom
cover for the penis worn to prevent conception and spread of STIs
117
spermicide
an agent that destroys spermatozoa; used to prevent conception
118
azoospermia
lack of live sperm in semen.
119
ejaculation
ejection of semen from male urethra
120
orgasm
climax of sexual stimulation
121
puberty
stimulation of secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins.
122
BOO
bladder outlet obstruction
123
LUTS
lower urinary tract symptoms
124
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
125
ED
erectile dysfunction
126
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
127
HPV
human papillomavirus
128
DRE
digital rectal examination
129
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
130
PSA
prostate- specific antigen
131
HoLEP
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland
132
PVP
photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland
133
RP
radical prostatectomy
134
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate gland
135
TUMT
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
136
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
137
primary male sex organ, enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. the testis/testes/testicles make spermatozoa and testosterone
testis
138
approx. 900 coiled tubes w/in the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
seminiferous tubules
139
male germ cell, which unite with an egg to make a zygote
sperm
140
the principal male sex hormone. its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male repro. organs and secondary sex characteristics like facial hair
testosterone
141
coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens
epididymis
142
duct carrying sperm from epididymis to the urethra. the spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens w/ nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins.
vas deferens
143
2 accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. the glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen
seminal vesicles
144
walnut shaped gland that encircles that proximal section of the urethra. the prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation
prostate gland
145
composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions
semen
146
sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins. the scrotum is suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
scrotum
147
male organ of urination and coitus (sexual intercourse)
penis
148
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
glans penis
149
fold of skin covering the glans of the penis in uncircumcised males
prepuce
150
reproductive organs; includes internal and external organs
genitalia
151
primary reproductive organs; testes in males and ovaries in females
gonads
152
male
andr/o
153
glans penis
balan/o
154
epididymis
epididym/o
155
testis, testicle
orch/o
156
testis, testicle
orchi/o
157
testis, testicle
orchid/o
158
prostate gland
prostat/o
159
sperm, spermatozoon
sperm/o
160
sperm, spermatozoon
spermat/o
161
vessel, duct (vas deferens)
vas/o
162
seminal vesicle
vesicul/o
163
bladder, sac
cyst/o
164
hidden
crypt/o
165
stones, calculus
lith/o
166
scanty, few
olig/o
167
absence of, without
a-
168
absence of, without
an-
169
above, excessive
hyper-
170
pain
-algia
171
cut into, incision
-tomy
172
excision, surgical removal
-ectomy
173
surgical fixation
-pexy
174
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
-ia
175
disease
-pathy
176
pertaining to
-ic
177
condition of formation, development, growth
-plasia
178
state of
-ism
179
inflammation
-itis
180
surgical repair
-plasty
181
stones, calculus
-lith
182
flow, discharge
-rrhea
183
creation of an artificial opening
-stomy
184
disease of the male (specific to the male)
andropathy
185
state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)
anorchism
186
inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
187
discharge from the glans penis
balanorrhea
188
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non malignant enlargement causing narrowing of the urethra)
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
189
state of hidden testis (during fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move into the scrotal sac. failure for 1 or both to descend= cryptorchidism)
cryptorchidism
190
inflammation of the epididymis
epididymitis
191
inflammation of the testis and epididymis
orchiepididymitis
192
inflammation of the testis
orchitis
193
inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
194
inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder
prostatocystitis
195
stones in the prostate gland
prostatolith
196
discharge from the prostate gland
prostatorrhea
197
inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
prostatovesiculitis
198
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse (formally called impotence)
erectile dysfunction (ED)
199
fluid filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
hydrocele
200
reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy. generally defined after 1 year of frequent unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female
infertility
201
tightness of the prepuce (foreskin) that prevents its rettraction over the glans penis. it may be congenital or result of balanitis. circumcision is the usual tx plan.
phimosis
202
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
priapism
203
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in med middle age and older
prostate cancer
204
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
spermatocele
205
cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15 - 35yrs old
testicular cancer
206
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and is assoc. with sudden testicular/ scrotal pain. Surgical emergency.
testicular torsion
207
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling
varicocele
208
surgical repair of the glans penis
balanoplasty
209
excision of the epididymis
epididymectomy
210
excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy = castration)
orchiectomy
211
surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicles into the scrotum)
orchiopexy
212
surgical repair of the testis
orchioplasty
213
incision into the testis
orchiotomy
214
excision of the prostate gland
prostatectomy
215
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
prostatocystotomy
216
incision into the prostate gland to remove stones
prostatolithotomy
217
excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
prostatovesiculectomy
218
excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally= male sterilization)
vasectomy
219
creation of artificial openings between ducts (severed ends of vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)
vasovasostomy
220
excision of the seminal vesicles
vesiculectomy
221
destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing or eroding
ablation
222
surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin); all or part of the foreskin may be removed
circumcision
223
excision of a whole organ or mass w/o cutting into it
enucleation
224
surgical removal of a fluid filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)
hydrocelectomy
225
use of a focused beam of light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and control bleeding. Uses a variety of non invasive, minimally invasive procedures.
laser surgery
226
1. holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP)
2. photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)
two types of lasers to treat BPH:
227
cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
morcellation
228
use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table
robotic surgery
229
surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or the male to induce conception
sterilization
230
surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland. No prostate gland tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when prostate gland is less enlarged
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
231
treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated microwave
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
232
surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
233
combination of magnetic resonance imaging w/ transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue form a prostate lesion. Software merges existing images to direct the needle biopsy into the area of the prostate that look suspicious on MRI
MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy
234
MRI procedure providing info of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer. it uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumours
multiparametric MRI
235
ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
236
blood test measures the level of prostate specific antigen in the blood.
prostate- specific antigen (PSA)
237
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size, structure, and movement of sperm. evaluates infertility and effectiveness of vasectomy
semen analysis
238
blood test to measure the level of the hormone responsible for male physical characteristics (testosterone); used to detect multiple conditions in men/women like infertility
total testosterone
239
physical examination in which one finger is inserted into rectum to palpate prostate through rectal wall. Used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer.
digital rectal examination (DRE)
240
condition of without sperm
aspermia
241
condition of scanty sperm
oligospermia
242
pain in the testis (also called testalgia)
orchialgia
243
STI, caused by bacterium C. trachomatis. Symptoms only occur when the disease is serious
chlamydia
244
STI caused by herpes simplex virus type 2
genital herpes
245
STI caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract
gonorrhea
246
STI caused by a retrovirus that infects T- helper cells of the immune system. May be acquired in utero or through blood via needle sharing. advanced HIV = AIDS
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
247
STI caused by viral infection. (also called genital warts)
human papillomavirus (HPV)
248
infection spread through sexual contact. (also called STD)
STI
249
infection caused by bacterium Treponema Pallidum. rapidly spreads throughout the body and can progress thru stages. usually sexually transmitted but can be acquired in utero and direct contact with infected skin
syphilis
250
STI from a 1 cell organism trichomonas. infects the genitourinary tract. men can be asymptomatic or experience urethritis, enlarged prostate, epididymitis. Women have vaginal itching, dysuria, vaginal/ urethra discharge
trichomoniasis
251
introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into female repro. system. used as an infertility tx option
artificial insemination
252
cover for the penis worn to prevent conception and spread of STIs
condom
253
an agent that destroys spermatozoa; used to prevent conception
spermicide
254
lack of live sperm in semen.
azoospermia
255
ejection of semen from male urethra
ejaculation
256
climax of sexual stimulation
orgasm
257
stimulation of secondary sex characteristics develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins.
puberty
258
bladder outlet obstruction
BOO
259
lower urinary tract symptoms
LUTS
260
benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPH
261
erectile dysfunction
ED
262
human immunodeficiency virus
HIV
263
human papillomavirus
HPV
264
digital rectal examination
DRE
265
transrectal ultrasound
TRUS
266
prostate- specific antigen
PSA
267
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland
HoLEP
268
photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland
PVP
269
radical prostatectomy
RP
270
transurethral incision of the prostate gland
TUIP
271
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
TUMT
272
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
TURP
