Chapter 9: Obstetrics & Neonatology Flashcards
(322 cards)
1
Q
gamete
A
mature germ cell (male/female)
1
Q
conception
A
beginning of pregnancy when sperm enters egg
2
Q
zygote
A
cell formed by union of sperm and ovum
3
Q
embryo
A
unborn offspring in the stage of development from zygote implantation to end of 8th week of pregnancy.
4
Q
fetus
A
unborn offspring from start of 9th week of pregnancy until birth
5
Q
gestation
A
development of a new individual from conception to birth
6
Q
gestation period
A
duration of pregnancy. normally 38-42 weeks. divided into trimesters
7
Q
implantation
A
embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining. The process normally begins about 7 days after fertilization and continues for several days
8
Q
placenta
A
structure that grows on wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the fetus (also called afterbirth)
9
Q
amniotic sac
A
membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery (amnionic sac; bag of waters)
10
Q
chorion
A
outermost layer of the fetal membrane
11
Q
amnion
A
innermost layer of the fetal membrane
12
Q
amniotic fluid
A
fluid within the amniotic sac which surrounds the fetus (amnionic fluid)
13
Q
umbilicus
A
navel; marks the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetus
14
Q
amni/o
A
amnion, amniotic fluid
15
Q
amnion/o
A
amnion, amniotic fluid
16
Q
chori/o
A
chorion
17
Q
fet/i, fet/o
A
fetus, unborn offspring
18
Q
gravid/o
A
pregnancy
19
Q
lact/o
A
milk
20
Q
nat/o
A
birth
21
Q
omphal/o
A
umbilicus, navel
22
Q
par/o
A
bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
23
Q
part/o
A
bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
24
puerper/o
childbirth
25
carcin/o
cancer
26
cephal/o
head
27
episi/o
vulva
28
esophag/o
esophagus
29
hydr/o
water
30
hyster/o
uterus
31
olig/o
scanty, few
32
pelv/i
pelvis, pelvic cavity
33
prim/i
first
34
pseud/o
false
35
pylor/o
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
36
son/o
sound
37
terat/o
malformations
38
trache/o
trachea
39
ante-
before
40
dys-
difficult, labored, abnormal, painful
41
intra-
within
42
micro-
small
43
multi-
many
44
neo-
new
45
nulli-
none
46
poly-
many, much
47
post-
after
48
pre-
before
49
-a
noun suffix; no meaning
50
-al
pertaining to
51
-amnios
amnion, amniotic fluid
52
-cele
hernia, protrusion
53
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
54
-cyesis
pregnancy
55
-e
no meaning, noun suffix
56
-gen
substance or agent that produces or causes
57
-genic
producing, originating, causing
58
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic imaging
59
-ic
pertaining to
60
-is
noun suffix, no meaning
61
-itis
inflammation
62
-logist
one who studies and treats
63
-logy
study of
64
-oma
tumor, swelling
65
-rrhea
flow, discharge
66
-rrhexis
rupture
67
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
68
-tocia
birth, labor
69
-tomy
cut into, incision
70
-um
noun suffix, no meaning
71
-us
noun suffix, no meaning
72
amnionitis
inflammation of the amnion
73
chorioamnionitis
inflammation of the chorion and amnion
74
choriocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of the chorion
75
dystocia
difficult labor (can be due to ineffective contractions, abnormal pelvic shape, abnormal birth presentation)
76
hysterorrhexis
rupture of the uterus
77
oligohydramnios
scanty amnion water- 500mL or less (less than the normal amount)
78
polyhydramnios
much amnion water- 2000mL or more (more than the normal amount; also called hydramnios)
79
pseudocyesis
false pregnancy (may be psychological or due to underlying pathology like a uterine tumor)
80
abortion (AB)
termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus before viability, typically before 20wks gestation. spontaneous abortion is the termination of pregnancy that happens naturally (miscarriage)
81
abruptio placentae
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
82
eclampsia
severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion. has the potential to be life threatening
83
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy occuring outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes
84
placenta previa
abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix. dilation of the cervix can cause separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing bleeding. a C- section is needed to save the mom and baby
85
preeclampsia
abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high BP and proteinuria, but no convulsion. Cause unknown. if not treated, can progress to eclampsia.
86
microcephalus
(fetus w/ a very) small head
87
omphalitis
inflammation of the umbilicus
88
omphalocele
hernia at the umbilicus (a part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall at birth)
89
pyloric stenosis
narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter (congenital pyloric stenosis happens in 1 out of 200 newborns)
90
tracheoesophageal fistula
abnormal passageway pertaining to the trachea and esophagus
91
cleft lip/ cleft palate
congenital split of the lip or roof of the mouth, one or both deformities may be present (cleft indicates a fissure)
92
coarctation of the aorta
congenital stenosis (narrowing) that occurs in the arch of the aorta
93
congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
herpes type virus that crosses the placenta. symptoms in newborns may include jaundice, microcephaly, developmental delay and hearing loss; some infants may have no symptoms
94
congenital heart disease
heart abnormality present at birth
95
down syndrome
genetic condition caused by chromosomal abnormality which leads to varying degrees of intellectual, developmental, and physical disorders. trisomy 21
96
erythroblastosis fetalis
condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis erythrocytes. the condition is usually caused by incompatibility of the infant's and mother's blood. happens when mom's blood is Rh- and infant is Rh+.
97
esophageal atresia
congenital absence of part of the esophagus. food cannot pass from the baby's mouth to stomach
98
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. various birth defects may present, including central nervous dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face
99
gastroschisis
congenital fissure of the abdominal wall that is not the umbilicus. enterocele, protrusion of the intestine, is usually not present
100
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants. in premies RDS is caused by normal immaturity of the respiratory system resulting in compromised respiration
101
spina bifida
congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close. if the meninges protrude through the opening the condition is called meningocele. protrusion of both the meninges and spinal cord is called meningomyelocele.
102
amniotomy
incision into the amnion (rupture of the fetal membrane to induce labor; a special hook is generally used to make the incision)
103
episiotomy
incision into the vulva (perineum) (sometimes performed during a delivery to prevent a traumatic tear of the vulva) (also called perineotomy)
104
cervical cerclage
suturing the cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature delivery
105
cesarean section (CS, C-section)
birth of a fetus through an incision in the mothers abdomen and uterus
106
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
method of fertilizing human ova outside of the body and placing the zygote into the uterus ; used when infertility is present. infertility management techniques that artificially combine both the ova and sperm are called assisted reproductive technology (ART)
107
amniocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid (its a prenatal test for fetal health/ diagnosing abnormalities)
108
pelvic sonography
pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound (pelvic US used to evaluate the fetus and pregnancy )
109
nuchal translucency screening
ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening. it is usually performed between 11- 13 wks pregnancy, and when combined with 1st trimester screening blood tests may reveal an increased risk for Down's or other congenital disorders
110
quad screen
blood test performed during the 2nd trimester measuring four hormone levels that can reveal an increased risk of certain disorders in the developing fetus (alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol and inhibin)
111
apgar score
system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 and 5min. after birth. scored on 0-2 scale with 7-10 being normal.
heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, response to stimulation, color
112
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
prenatal test that takes a sample of the area of blood supply in the placenta either through the abdominal wall or the vagina. it is usually performed between 10-13 wks of pregnancy and tests for chromosome and other genetic abnormalities. only used for high risk pregnancies
113
amniorrhea
discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid
114
amniorrhexis
rupture of the amnion
115
lactorrhea
(spontaneous) discharge of milk
116
antepartum
before childbirth (reference to the mother)
117
gravida
pregnant (a woman who is or has been pregnant)
118
gravidopuerperal
pertaining to pregnancy and childbirth (from delivery until repro. organs return to normal)
119
intrapartum
within (during) labor and childbirth
120
lactogenic
producing milk (by stimulation)
121
multigravida
many pregnancies (a woman who has been pregnant 2 or more times)
122
multipara (multip)
many births (a woman who has given birth to 2 or more viable offspring)
123
nulligravida
no pregnancies (a woman who has never been pregnant)
124
nullipara
no births (a woman who has not given birth to a viable offspring)
125
para
birth (a woman who has given birth to an offspring after the point of viability- 20wks, whether the fetus is alive or stillborn)
126
postpartum
after childbirth (reference to the mother)
127
primigravida
first pregnancy
128
primipara (primip)
first birth (after point of viability- 20wks)
129
puerperal
pertaining to (immediately after) childbirth
130
puerpera
childbirth
131
colostrum
thin milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins
132
lochia
vaginal discharge after childbirth
133
quickening
first feeling of movement of the fetus in utero by the pregnant woman. it usually occurs between 16 and 20wks of gestation
134
midwife
individual who practices midwifery
135
midwifery
practice of assisting in childbirth
136
obstetrician
physician who specializes in obstetrics
137
obstetrics (OB)
medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium
138
breech presentation
birth position in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first
139
cephalic presentation
birth position in which any part of the head emerges first. it is the most common birth presentation
140
in vitro
outside the body or in a lab setting
141
in vivo
within the living body
142
lactation
secretion of milk
143
parturition
act of giving birth
144
puerperium
period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal (approx. 6wks)
145
neonatologist
physician who studies and treats disorders of the newborn
146
neonatology
study of the newborn
147
teratology
study of malformations
148
fetal
pertaining to the fetus
149
natal
pertaining to birth
150
neonate
new birth (an infant from birth to 4wks)
151
postnatal
pertaining to after birth (newborn)
152
prenatal
pertaining to before birth (referring to the newborn)
153
teratogen
(any agent) producing malformations (in developing embryo)
154
teratogenic
producing malformations (in the developing embryo)
155
congenital anomaly
abnormality present at birth; often discovered before birth by sonography or amniocentesis
156
meconium
first stool of the newborn (greenish- black)
157
gavage
process of feeding through a tube; used for critically ill newborns and other who are unconscious, unable to swallow, or too weak to eat
158
premature infant
infant born before completing 37wks of gestation
159
stillborn
born dead
160
161
mature germ cell (male/female)
gamete
162
beginning of pregnancy when sperm enters egg
conception
163
cell formed by union of sperm and ovum
zygote
164
unborn offspring in the stage of development from zygote implantation to end of 8th week of pregnancy.
embryo
165
unborn offspring from start of 9th week of pregnancy until birth
fetus
166
development of a new individual from conception to birth
gestation
167
duration of pregnancy. normally 38-42 weeks. divided into trimesters
gestation period
168
embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining. The process normally begins about 7 days after fertilization and continues for several days
implantation
169
structure that grows on wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the fetus (also called afterbirth)
placenta
170
membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery (amnionic sac; bag of waters)
amniotic sac
171
outermost layer of the fetal membrane
chorion
172
innermost layer of the fetal membrane
amnion
173
fluid within the amniotic sac which surrounds the fetus (amnionic fluid)
amniotic fluid
174
navel; marks the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the fetus
umbilicus
175
amnion, amniotic fluid
amni/o
176
amnion, amniotic fluid
amnion/o
177
chorion
chori/o
178
fetus, unborn offspring
fet/i, fet/o
179
pregnancy
gravid/o
180
milk
lact/o
181
birth
nat/o
182
umbilicus, navel
omphal/o
183
bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
par/o
184
bear, give birth to, labor, childbirth
part/o
185
childbirth
puerper/o
186
cancer
carcin/o
187
head
cephal/o
188
vulva
episi/o
189
esophagus
esophag/o
190
water
hydr/o
191
uterus
hyster/o
192
scanty, few
olig/o
193
pelvis, pelvic cavity
pelv/i
194
first
prim/i
195
false
pseud/o
196
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
pylor/o
197
sound
son/o
198
malformations
terat/o
199
trachea
trache/o
200
before
ante-
201
difficult, labored, abnormal, painful
dys-
202
within
intra-
203
small
micro-
204
many
multi-
205
new
neo-
206
none
nulli-
207
many, much
poly-
208
after
post-
209
before
pre-
210
noun suffix; no meaning
-a
211
pertaining to
-al
212
amnion, amniotic fluid
-amnios
213
hernia, protrusion
-cele
214
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid
-centesis
215
pregnancy
-cyesis
216
no meaning, noun suffix
-e
217
substance or agent that produces or causes
-gen
218
producing, originating, causing
-genic
219
process of recording, radiographic imaging
-graphy
220
pertaining to
-ic
221
noun suffix, no meaning
-is
222
inflammation
-itis
223
one who studies and treats
-logist
224
study of
-logy
225
tumor, swelling
-oma
226
flow, discharge
-rrhea
227
rupture
-rrhexis
228
constriction or narrowing
-stenosis
229
birth, labor
-tocia
230
cut into, incision
-tomy
231
noun suffix, no meaning
-um
232
noun suffix, no meaning
-us
233
inflammation of the amnion
amnionitis
234
inflammation of the chorion and amnion
chorioamnionitis
235
cancerous tumor of the chorion
choriocarcinoma
236
difficult labor (can be due to ineffective contractions, abnormal pelvic shape, abnormal birth presentation)
dystocia
237
rupture of the uterus
hysterorrhexis
238
scanty amnion water- 500mL or less (less than the normal amount)
oligohydramnios
239
much amnion water- 2000mL or more (more than the normal amount; also called hydramnios)
polyhydramnios
240
false pregnancy (may be psychological or due to underlying pathology like a uterine tumor)
pseudocyesis
241
termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus before viability, typically before 20wks gestation. spontaneous abortion is the termination of pregnancy that happens naturally (miscarriage)
abortion (AB)
242
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
abruptio placentae
243
severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion. has the potential to be life threatening
eclampsia
244
pregnancy occuring outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes
ectopic pregnancy
245
abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall completely or partially covering the cervix. dilation of the cervix can cause separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing bleeding. a C- section is needed to save the mom and baby
placenta previa
246
abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high BP and proteinuria, but no convulsion. Cause unknown. if not treated, can progress to eclampsia.
preeclampsia
247
(fetus w/ a very) small head
microcephalus
248
inflammation of the umbilicus
omphalitis
249
hernia at the umbilicus (a part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall at birth)
omphalocele
250
narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter (congenital pyloric stenosis happens in 1 out of 200 newborns)
pyloric stenosis
251
abnormal passageway pertaining to the trachea and esophagus
tracheoesophageal fistula
252
congenital split of the lip or roof of the mouth, one or both deformities may be present (cleft indicates a fissure)
cleft lip/ cleft palate
253
congenital stenosis (narrowing) that occurs in the arch of the aorta
coarctation of the aorta
254
herpes type virus that crosses the placenta. symptoms in newborns may include jaundice, microcephaly, developmental delay and hearing loss; some infants may have no symptoms
congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
255
heart abnormality present at birth
congenital heart disease
256
genetic condition caused by chromosomal abnormality which leads to varying degrees of intellectual, developmental, and physical disorders. trisomy 21
down syndrome
257
condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis erythrocytes. the condition is usually caused by incompatibility of the infant's and mother's blood. happens when mom's blood is Rh- and infant is Rh+.
erythroblastosis fetalis
258
congenital absence of part of the esophagus. food cannot pass from the baby's mouth to stomach
esophageal atresia
259
condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. various birth defects may present, including central nervous dysfunction and malformations of the skull and face
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
260
congenital fissure of the abdominal wall that is not the umbilicus. enterocele, protrusion of the intestine, is usually not present
gastroschisis
261
respiratory complication in the newborn, especially in premature infants. in premies RDS is caused by normal immaturity of the respiratory system resulting in compromised respiration
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
262
congenital defect in the vertebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close. if the meninges protrude through the opening the condition is called meningocele. protrusion of both the meninges and spinal cord is called meningomyelocele.
spina bifida
263
incision into the amnion (rupture of the fetal membrane to induce labor; a special hook is generally used to make the incision)
amniotomy
264
incision into the vulva (perineum) (sometimes performed during a delivery to prevent a traumatic tear of the vulva) (also called perineotomy)
episiotomy
265
suturing the cervix closed to prevent dilation and premature delivery
cervical cerclage
266
birth of a fetus through an incision in the mothers abdomen and uterus
cesarean section (CS, C-section)
267
method of fertilizing human ova outside of the body and placing the zygote into the uterus ; used when infertility is present. infertility management techniques that artificially combine both the ova and sperm are called assisted reproductive technology (ART)
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
268
surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid (its a prenatal test for fetal health/ diagnosing abnormalities)
amniocentesis
269
pertaining to the pelvis, process of recording sound (pelvic US used to evaluate the fetus and pregnancy )
pelvic sonography
270
ultrasound test to check the back of the fetal neck for extra fluid or thickening. it is usually performed between 11- 13 wks pregnancy, and when combined with 1st trimester screening blood tests may reveal an increased risk for Down's or other congenital disorders
nuchal translucency screening
271
blood test performed during the 2nd trimester measuring four hormone levels that can reveal an increased risk of certain disorders in the developing fetus (alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol and inhibin)
quad screen
272
system for rapid neonatal assessment at 1 and 5min. after birth. scored on 0-2 scale with 7-10 being normal.
heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, response to stimulation, color
apgar score
273
prenatal test that takes a sample of the area of blood supply in the placenta either through the abdominal wall or the vagina. it is usually performed between 10-13 wks of pregnancy and tests for chromosome and other genetic abnormalities. only used for high risk pregnancies
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
274
discharge (escape) of amniotic fluid
amniorrhea
275
rupture of the amnion
amniorrhexis
276
(spontaneous) discharge of milk
lactorrhea
277
before childbirth (reference to the mother)
antepartum
278
pregnant (a woman who is or has been pregnant)
gravida
279
pertaining to pregnancy and childbirth (from delivery until repro. organs return to normal)
gravidopuerperal
280
within (during) labor and childbirth
intrapartum
281
producing milk (by stimulation)
lactogenic
282
many pregnancies (a woman who has been pregnant 2 or more times)
multigravida
283
many births (a woman who has given birth to 2 or more viable offspring)
multipara (multip)
284
no pregnancies (a woman who has never been pregnant)
nulligravida
285
no births (a woman who has not given birth to a viable offspring)
nullipara
286
birth (a woman who has given birth to an offspring after the point of viability- 20wks, whether the fetus is alive or stillborn)
para
287
after childbirth (reference to the mother)
postpartum
288
first pregnancy
primigravida
289
first birth (after point of viability- 20wks)
primipara (primip)
290
pertaining to (immediately after) childbirth
puerperal
291
childbirth
puerpera
292
thin milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during the first days after birth before lactation begins
colostrum
293
vaginal discharge after childbirth
lochia
294
first feeling of movement of the fetus in utero by the pregnant woman. it usually occurs between 16 and 20wks of gestation
quickening
295
individual who practices midwifery
midwife
296
practice of assisting in childbirth
midwifery
297
physician who specializes in obstetrics
obstetrician
298
medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium
obstetrics (OB)
299
birth position in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first
breech presentation
300
birth position in which any part of the head emerges first. it is the most common birth presentation
cephalic presentation
301
outside the body or in a lab setting
in vitro
302
within the living body
in vivo
303
secretion of milk
lactation
304
act of giving birth
parturition
305
period from delivery until the reproductive organs return to normal (approx. 6wks)
puerperium
306
physician who studies and treats disorders of the newborn
neonatologist
307
study of the newborn
neonatology
308
study of malformations
teratology
309
pertaining to the fetus
fetal
310
pertaining to birth
natal
311
new birth (an infant from birth to 4wks)
neonate
312
pertaining to after birth (newborn)
postnatal
313
pertaining to before birth (referring to the newborn)
prenatal
314
(any agent) producing malformations (in developing embryo)
teratogen
315
producing malformations (in the developing embryo)
teratogenic
316
abnormality present at birth; often discovered before birth by sonography or amniocentesis
congenital anomaly
317
first stool of the newborn (greenish- black)
meconium
318
process of feeding through a tube; used for critically ill newborns and other who are unconscious, unable to swallow, or too weak to eat
gavage
319
infant born before completing 37wks of gestation
premature infant
320
born dead
stillborn
321
