Chapter 6: Blood

Question 1

Pathology: condition of having too few white blood cells

Answer 1

leukopenia

Question 2

Pathology: condition of having too few platelets

Answer 2

thrombocytopenia

Question 3

Pathology: condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in bloodstream; risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

Answer 3

hyperlipidemia

Question 4

Pathology: general term for indicating presence of a disease affecting blood

Answer 4

dyscrasia

Question 5

Pathology: condition of having too many white blood cells

Answer 5

leukocytosis

Question 6

Pathology: genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on abnormal curved or sickle shape; cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolytic anemia

Answer 6

sickle cell anemia

Question 7

Diagnostic Procedure: incision into vein to remove blood for diagnostic test; venipuncture

Answer 7

phlebotomy

Question 8

Pathology: blood flowing out of blood vessel; bleeding

Answer 8

hemorrhage

Question 9

Diagnostic Procedure: determines number of platelets in given volume of blood

Answer 9

platelet count

Question 10

Therapeutic Procedure: procedure for collecting and storing patient’s own blood several weeks to prior to actual need; can be used to replace blood lost during surgical procedure

Answer 10

autologous transfusion

Question 11

Pharmacology: given patient a second drug to boost effect of another drug; total strength of drugs is greater than sum of strength of individual drugs

Answer 11

potentiation

Question 12

Pathology: anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in erythrocytes; named because hemoglobin molecule is responsible for dark red color of erythrocytes

Answer 12

hypochromic anemia

Question 13

Pathology: hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is end result of hemostasis or blood-clotting process; blood clot

Answer 13

thrombus

Question 14

Diagnostic Procedure: determines number of each variety of leukocytes in volume of blood

Answer 14

white blood cell differential (diff)

Question 15

Drugs: increases number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in blood (ex. epoetin alfa, Procrit; darbepoetin alfa, Aranesp)

Answer 15

hematinic

Question 16

Pathology: branch of medicine specializing in treatment of diseases and conditions of blood

Answer 16

hematology

Question 17

Pathology: anemia that develops as result of destruction of erythrocytes

Answer 17

hemolytic anemia

Question 18

Therapeutic Procedure: replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person

Answer 18

homologous transfustion

Question 19

Diagnostic Procedure: determines disease such as sickle cell anemia through examination of specimen of blood for abnormalities in shape of erythrocytes

Answer 19

red blood cell morphology

Question 20

Pathology: cancer located in red bone marrow tissue responsible for producing white blood cells; results in large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in bloodstream

Answer 20

leukemia

Question 21

Pathology: severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow; results in decrease in number of all formed elements; may eventually require bone marrow transplant

Answer 21

aplastic anemia

Question 22

Diagnostic Procedure: indicates blood’s coagulation abilities by measuring how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated

Answer 22

prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)

Question 23

Pathology: large group of conditions characterized by reduction in number of red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin in blood; results in less oxygen reaching tissues

Answer 23

anemia

Question 24

Diagnostic Procedure: blood test to measure volume of red blood cells (erythrocytes) within total volume of blood

Answer 24

hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

Question 25

Pharmacology: sum of action of two or more drugs given; total strength of medications is equal to sum of strength of each individual drug

Answer 25

additive

Question 26

Diagnostic Procedure: measures number of leukocytes in blood

Answer 26

white blood cell count (WBC)

Question 27

Diagnostic Procedure: removed by aspiration with a need, sample of bone marrow is examined for diseases

Answer 27

bone marrow aspiration

Question 28

Pathology: having too few of all cells

Answer 28

pancytopenia

Question 29

Pathology: genetic disorder in which body is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia

Answer 29

thalassemia

Question 31

Drugs: able to dissolve existing blood clots (ex. alteplase, Activase,tissue plasminogen activator; Tenecteplase)

Answer 31

fibrinolytic

Question 32

Diagnostic Procedure: blood test to determine rate mature blood cells settle out of blood after addition of anticoagulant; indicated presence of inflammatory disease

Answer 32

erythrocytes sedimentation rate

Question 33

Drugs: prevents blood clot formation; blood thinner (ex. heparin, HepLock; warfarin, Coumadin)

Answer 33

anticoagulant

Question 34

Pathology: having bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream; blood poisoning

Answer 34

septicemia

Question 35

Therapeutic Procedure: patient refuses red bone marrow from donor after patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy

Answer 35

bone marrow transplant

Question 36

Therapeutic Procedure: method of removing plasma from body without depleting formed elements; whole blood is removed and cells and plasma are separated; cells are returned to patient along with donor plasma transfusion

Answer 36

plasmapheresis

Question 37

Pathology: collection of blood under skin as result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessel; a bruise

Answer 37

hematoma

Question 38

Pathology: anemia associated with insufficient absorption of Vitamin B12, by digestive system

Answer 38

pernicious anemia (PA)

Question 39

Pathology: anemia resulting from not having sufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin

Answer 39

iron-deficiency anemia

Question 40

Therapeutic Procedure: transfusion of a mixture of both plasma and formed elements

Answer 40

whole blood

Question 41

Pharmacology: occurs when effect of one drug is altered because it was taken at the same time as another drug

Answer 41

drug interaction

Question 42

Diagnostic Procedure: combination of blood tests including red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cells count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cells differential, and platelet count

Answer 42

complete blood count (CBC)

Question 43

Diagnostic Procedure: automated machine that analyzes different characteristics of blood specimen, such as complete blood count, erythrocytes sedimentation rate, and blood-clotting tests

Answer 43

blood analyzer

Question 44

Pathology: type of leukemia in which abnormal white blood cells are lymphocytes; may be acute or chronic

Answer 44

myeloid leukemia

Question 45

Pharmacology: condition in which particular drug should not be used

Answer 45

contraindication

Question 46

Pathology: condition of having too few red blood cells

Answer 46

erythropenia

Question 47

Diagnostic Procedure: sample of blood is incubated in laboratory to check for bacterial growth; tested to determine to which antibiotics they are sensitive

Answer 47

blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Question 48

Pathology: destruction of patient's erythrocytes that occurs when receiving a transfusion of incompatible blood type; transfusion reaction

Answer 48

hemolytic reaction

Question 49

Therapeutic Procedure: transfusion in which most of plasma, leukocytes, and platelets have been removed, leaving only erythrocytes

Answer 49

packed red cells

Question 50

Pathology: to convert a liquid to a gel or solid

Answer 50

coagulate

Question 51

Diagnostic Procedure: blood test to measure amount of hemoglobin present in volume of blood

Answer 51

hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)

Question 52

Pathology: hereditary blood disease where blood-clotting time is prolonged due to lack of one vital clotting factor; transmitted by sex-linked trait from female to male

Answer 52

hemophilia

Question 53

Pathology: condition of having too many red blood cells

Answer 53

erythrocytosis

Question 54

Pathology: condition of having too many platelets

Answer 54

thrombocytosis

Question 55

Pathology: production of too many red blood cells by bone marrow; blood vessels become too thick to easily flow through blood vessels

Answer 55

polycythemia vera

Question 56

Therapeutic Procedure: artificial transfer of blood into bloodstream

Answer 56

blood transfusion

Question 57

Drugs: interferes with action of platelets; prolongs bleeding time; used to prevent heart attacks and strokes (ex. clopidogrel, Plavix; ticlopidine; Ticlid)

Answer 57

antiplatelet agents

Question 58

Drugs: prevents or stops hemorrhaging; hemostatic agent (ex. aminocaproic acid, Amicar; vitamin K)

Answer 58

antihemorrhagic

Question 59

Diagnostic Procedure: determines number of erythrocytes in volume of blood; decrease in red blood cells may indicate anemia; increase may indicate polycythemia

Answer 59

red blood cell count (RBC)

Question 60

The parts of the blood that transports gases, nutrients, and wastes to all areas of the body.

Answer 60

red blood cells and plasma

Question 61

The part of the blood that fights infection and disease.

Answer 61

white blood cells

Question 62

The part of the blood that initiates the blood-clotting process.

Answer 62

platelets

Question 63

What are the primary components that comprise blood?

Answer 63

plasma blood cells: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Question 64

How much blood does the average adult have?

Answer 64

about 5 liters

Question 65

What is the process that produces blood cells called?

Answer 65

hematopoiesis

Question 66

** The plasma protein that helps transport fatty substances that can't dissolve in the watery plasma

Answer 66

albumin

Question 67

The plasma globulin that acts as an antibody

Answer 67

gamma globulin

Question 68

The waste product disposed of by the liver.

Answer 68

bilirubin

Question 69

A laboratory test determines if the donated blood is compatible with the recipient's blood.

Answer 69

blood typing

Question 70

The type of immunity that is not specific to any disease and does not require exposure to pathogenic agent.

Answer 70

natural (innate) immunity

Question 71

When a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal

Answer 71

passive acquired immunity

Question 72

The immunity that develops after direct exposure to a pathogen.

Answer 72

active acquired immunity

Question 73

infection acquired through hospital exposure (also called healthcare-associated infection

Answer 73

nosocomial infection

Question 74

Type of nosocomial infection that occurs when a person acquires a pathogen from another patient or healthcare worker.

Answer 74

cross infection

Question 75

Type of nosocomial infection that takes place when patient becomes infected again with the same pathogen that brought them to the hospital in the first place.

Answer 75

reinfection

Question 76

Type of nosocomial infection that occurs when a person becomes infected in a different part of the body by a pathogen from another part of his or her own body

Answer 76

self-inoculation

Question 77

Small organs made of lymphatic tissue that house lymphocytes and antibodies that remove pathogens and cell debris from lymph. - also trap and destroy cells from cancerous tumors

Answer 77

Lymph nodes

Question 78

A collection of lymphatic tissue located on each side of the throat - acts as filters to protect the body from invasion of pathogens

Answer 78

Tonsils

Question 79

Located in the upper left quadrant and consists of lymphatic tissue that is highly infiltrated with blood vessels - destroys old blood vessels, recycles the iron, and stores some of the blood supply

Answer 79

Spleen