Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
word root
A
the foundation of the word
2
Q
prefix
A
beginning of the word and modifies the word root
3
Q
suffix
A
end of word and modify the word
4
Q
combining vowel
A
links word parts (usually /o)
5
Q
Where is a combining vowel found?
A
between 2 word roots or between word root and suffix that starts with a CONSONANT
6
Q
What information does a prefix provide?
A
Location of organ, number of parts, or frequency/time
7
Q
What information does a suffix provide?
A
condition, disease, or procedure
8
Q
Adjective Suffixes
A
used to change root word into a complete word (mean pertaining to)
9
Q
bi/o
A
combining form
life
ex. biology (study of life)
10
Q
carcin/o
A
combining form
cancer
ex.carcinoma (cancerous tumor)
11
Q
cardi/o
A
combining form
heart
ex. cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
12
Q
chem/o
A
combining form
chemical
ex. chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals)
13
Q
cis/o
A
combining form
to cut
ex. incision (process of cutting)
14
Q
dermat/o
A
combining form
skin
ex. dermatology (study of skin)
15
Q
enter/o
A
combining form
small intestine
ex. enteric (pertaining to the small intestine)
16
Q
gastr/o
A
combining form
stomach
ex. gastric (pertaining to the stomach)
17
Q
gynec/o
A
combining form
female
ex. gynecology (study of females)
18
Q
hemat/o
A
combining form
blood
ex. hematic (pertaining to blood)
19
Q
immun/o
A
combining form
protection
ex. immunology (study of protection)
20
Q
laryng/o
A
combining form
larynx
ex. laryngeal (pertaining to the voice box)
21
Q
nephr/o
A
combining form
kidney
ex. nephromegaly (enlarged kidney)
22
Q
neur/o
A
combining form
nerve
ex. neural (pertaining to a nerve)
23
Q
ophthalm/o
A
combining form
eye
ex. ophthalmic (pertaining to the eye)
24
Q
ot/o
A
combining form
ear
ex. otic (pertaining to the ear)
25
path/o
combining form
disease
ex. pathology (study of disease)
26
pulmon/o
combining form
lung
ex. pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)
27
rhin/o
combining form
nose
ex. rhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose)
28
a-
common prefix
without
ex. aphasia (without speech)
29
an-
common prefix
without
anoxia (without oxygen)
30
anti-
common prefix
against
ex. antibiotic (against life)
31
auto-
common prefix
self
ex. autograft (graft from your own body)
32
brady-
common prefix
slow
ex. bradycardia (slow heartbeat)
33
de-
common prefix
without
ex. depigmentation (without pigment)
34
dys-
common prefix
painful, difficult, abnormal
ex. dysuria (painful urination); dyspnea (difficulty breathing); dystrophy (abnormal development)
35
endo-
prefix
within, inner
ex. endoscope (instrument to view within)
36
epi-
prefix
above
ex. epigastric (above stomach)
37
eu-
prefix
normal
ex. eupnea (normal breathing)
38
ex-
prefix
outward
ex. exostosis (condition of projecting/outward)
39
extra-
prefix
outside of
ex. extracorporeal (outside of body)
40
hetero-
prefix
different
ex. heterograft (skin graft from another species)
41
homo-
prefix
same
ex. homograft (graft from same species)
42
hyper-
prefix
excessive
ex. hypertrophy (excessive development)
43
hypo-
prefix
below; insufficient
ex. hypodermic (below the skin); hypoglycemia (insufficient blood sugar)
44
in-
prefix
not; inward
ex. infertility (not fertile); inhalation (breathe in)
45
inter-
prefix
between
ex. intervertebral (between the vertebrae)
46
intra-
prefix
within
ex. intravenous (within a vein)
47
macro-
prefix
large
ex. macrotia (having large ears)
48
micro-
prefix
small
ex. microtia (small ears)
49
neo-
prefix
new
ex. neonatology (study of the newborn)
50
para-
prefix
beside; abnormal; two like parts of a pair
ex. paranasal (beside nose); paresthesia (abnormal sensation); paraplegia (paralysis of 2 parts like legs)
51
per-
prefix
through
ex. percutaneous (through skin)
52
peri-
prefix
around
ex. pericardial (around the heart)
53
post-
prefix
after
ex. postpartum (after birth)
54
pre-
prefix
before
ex. preoperative (before surgical operation)
55
pro-
prefix
before
ex. prolactin (before milk)
56
pseudo-
prefix
false
ex. pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)
57
re-
prefix
again
ex. reinfection (to infect again)
58
retro-
prefix
backward; behind
ex. retrograde (move backward); retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum)
59
sub-
prefix
under
ex. subcutaneous (under the skin)
60
tachy-
prefix
fast
ex. tachycardia (fast heartbeat)
61
trans-
prefix
across
ex. transurethral (across urethra)
62
ultra-
prefix
beyond
ex. ultrasound (beyond sound)
63
un-
prefix
not
ex. unconscious (not conscious)
64
bi-
prefix
two
ex. bilateral (two sides)
65
hemi-
prefix
half
ex. hemiplegia (paralysis of one side/half of body)
66
mono-
prefix
one
ex. monoplegia (paralysis of one extremity)
67
multi-
prefix
many
multigravida (women with two or more pregnancies)
68
nulli-
prefix
none
ex. nulligravida (woman with no pregnancies)
69
pan-
prefix
all
ex. pansinusitis (inflammation of all the sinuses)
70
poly-
prefix
many
ex. polymyositis (inflammation of muscles)
71
quadri-
prefix
four
ex. quadriplegia (paralysis of all 4 limbs)
72
semi-
prefix
partial
ex. semiconscious (partially conscious)
73
tetra-
prefix
four
ex. tetraplegia (paralysis of all 4 limbs)
74
tri-
prefix
three
ex. triceps (muscle with 3 heads)
75
-algia
suffix
pain
ex. gastralgia (stomach pain)
76
-cele
suffix
protrusion
ex. cystocele (protrusion of the bladder)
77
-cyte
suffix
cell
ex. erythrocyte (red cell)
78
-dynia
suffix
pain
ex. cardiodynia (heart pain)
79
-ectasis
suffix
dilation
ex. bronchiectasis (dilated bronchi)
80
-gen
suffix
that which produces
ex. pathogen (that which produces disease)
81
-genic
suffix
producing
ex. carcinogenic (cancer producing)
82
-ia
suffix
condition
ex. bradycardia (condition of slow heart)
83
-iasis
suffix
abnormal condition
ex. lithiasis (abnormal condition of stones)
84
-ism
suffix
state of
ex. hypothyroidism (state of low thyroid)
85
-itis
suffix
inflammation
ex. dermatitis (inflammation of skin)
86
-logist
suffix
one who studies
ex. cardiologist (one who studies the heart)
87
-logy
suffix
study of
ex. cardiology (study of the heart)
88
-lytic
suffix
destruction
ex. thrombolytic (clot destruction)
89
-malacia
suffix
abnormal softening
ex. chondromalacia (abnormal cartilage softening)
90
-megaly
suffix
enlarged
ex. cardiomegaly (large heart)
91
-oma
suffix
tumor,mass
ex. carcinoma (cancerous tumor); hematoma (mass of blood)
92
-opsy
suffix
view of
ex. biopsy (view of life)
93
-osis
suffix
abnormal condition
ex. cyanosis (abnormal condition of being blue)
94
-pathy
suffix
disease
ex. myopathy (muscle disease)
95
-plasm
suffix
formation
ex. neoplasm (new formation)
96
-plegia
suffix
paralysis
ex. laryngoplegia (paralysis of larynx)
97
-ptosis
suffix
drooping
ex. blepharoptosis (drooping eyelid)
98
-rrhage
suffix
abnormal flow
ex. hemorrhage (abnormal flow of blood)
99
-rrhagia
suffix
abnormal flow condition
ex. cystorrhagia (abnormal flow from the bladder)
100
-rrhea
suffix
discharge
ex. rhinorrhea (discharge from the nose)
101
-rrhexis
suffix
rupture
ex. hysterorrhexis (ruptured uterus)
102
-sclerosis
suffix
hardening
ex. arteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery)
103
-stenosis
suffix
narrowing
ex. angiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)
104
-therapy
suffix
treatment
ex. chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals)
105
-trophy
suffix
development
ex. hypertrophy (excessive development)
106
-ac
suffix
pertaining to
ex. cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
107
-al
suffix
pertaining to
ex. duodenal (pertaining to the duodenum)
108
-an
suffix
pertaining to
ex. ovarian (pertaining to the ovary)
109
-ar
suffix
pertaining to
ex. ventricular (pertaining to a ventricle)
110
-ary
suffix
pertaining to
ex. pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)
111
-atic
suffix
pertaining to
ex. lymphatic (pertaining to lympth)
112
-eal
suffix
pertaining to
ex. esophageal (pertaining to the esophagus)
113
-iac
suffix
pertaining to
ex. chondriac (pertaining to cartilage)
114
-ic
suffix
pertaining to
ex. gastric (pertaining to the stomach)
115
-ical
suffix
pertaining to
ex. chemical (pertaining to a chemical)
116
-ile
suffix
pertaining to
ex. penile (pertaining to the penis)
117
-ine
suffix
pertaining to
ex. uterine (pertaining to the uterus)
118
-ior
suffix
pertaining to
ex. superior (pertaining to above)
119
-nic
suffix
pertaining to
ex. embryonic (pertaining to an embryo)
120
-ory
suffix
pertaining to
ex. auditory (pertaining to hearing)
121
-ose
suffix
pertaining to
ex. adipose (pertaining to fat)
122
-ous
suffix
pertaining to
ex. intravenous (pertaining to within a vein)
123
-tic
suffix
pertaining to
ex. acoustic (pertaining to hearing)
124
-centesis
surgical suffix
puncture to withdraw fluid
ex. arthrocentesis (puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint)
125
-ectomy
surgical suffix
surgical removal
ex. gastrectomy (surgical removal of the stomach)
126
-ostomy
surgical suffix
surgically create an opening
ex. colostomy (surgically create opening for colon)
127
-otomy
surgical suffix
cutting into
ex. throactomy (cutting into the chest)
128
-pexy
surgical suffix
surgical fixation
ex. nephropexy (surgical fixation of a kidney)
129
-plasty
surgical suffix
surgical repair
ex. dermatoplasty (surgical repair of the skin)
130
-rrhaphy
surgical suffix
to suture
ex. myorrhaphy (suture together muscle)
131
-tome
surgical suffix
instrument to cut
ex. dermatome (cuts skin)
132
-gram
procedural suffix
record
ex. electrocardiogram (record of heart's electricity)
133
-graphy
procedural suffix
process of recording
electrocardiography (process of recording the heart's electrical activity)
134
-meter
procedural suffixes
instrument for measuring
ex. audiometer (measures hearing)
135
-metry
procedural suffix
process of measuring
ex. audiometry (process of measuring hearing)
136
-scope
procedural suffix
instrument for viewing
ex. gastroscope (instrument for viewing stomach)
137
-scopic
procedural suffix
pertaining to visually examining
ex. endoscopic (pertaining to visually examining within)
138
-scopy
procedural suffix
process of visually examining
gastroscopy (process of visually examining the stomach)
139
Make it Plural: Words ending in -A
add -e
140
Make it Plural: Words ending in -Ax
drop the x and add -ces
141
Make it Plural: Words ending in -Ex or -Ix
drop the x and add ces
142
Make it Plural: Words ending in -Is
drop -is and change it to -es
143
Make it Plural: Words ending in -Ma
add -ta
144
Make it Plural: Words ending in -Nx
drop x and add ges
145
Make it Plural: Words ending in -On
drop - on and add -ia
146
Make it Plural: Words ending in -um
drop -om and add -a
147
Make it Plural: Words ending in -us
drop -us and add -i
148
Make it Plural: Words ending in -y
drop -y and ass -ies
149
