Chapter 4: Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the skeletal system?
206 bones
What does the skeletal system do?
supports the body, protects organs, and is point of muscle attachment, produces blood cells, stores minerals
What does the skeleton do?
protects organs and stores minerals
What does bone marrow in the bones produce?
blood cells
What is the place where two bones meet called?
a joint
What are joints held together by?
ligaments (gives flexibility to the skeleton)
What process are bones formed through?
ossification
Which bones are longer than they are wide?
long bones
ex. femur and humerus
Which bones are as long as they are wide?
short bones
ex. carpals and tarsals
Which bones are plate-shaped?
flat bones
ex. pelvis, sternum
Which bones are shaped very irregular?
irregular bones
ex. vertebrae
What does yellow bone cells mostly consist of?
fat cells
What are the bones projections and depressions called?
processes
The large, smooth, ball-shaped end on a long bone.
the head
The smooth, rounded portion at the end of a bone.
a condyle
A projection located on or above a condyle.
the epicondyle
A large rough process for the attachment of a muscle.
the trochanter
A small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles.
a tubercle
A large, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles.
a tuberosity
A hollow cavity within a bone.
sinus
A smooth, round opening for nerves and blood vessels.
foramen
A shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone.
fossa
A slit-type opening
fissure
The skeleton division that contains the bones of the head, neck, spine, chest, and trunk.
the axial skeleton
What does the skull protect?
brain, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, oral cavity
A single U-shaped bone in the neck between the mandible and larynx.
the hyoid bone
The part of the body that consists of the vertebral column, sternum, and rib cage.
the trunk
The first 10 pairs of ribs attached to the sternum in the front are known as?
true ribs
The inferior 2 pairs of ribs that are not attached to the sternum are known as?
floating ribs
What upper extremities are included in the arm?
humerus, ulna, radius, carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges
What does the lower extremities (leg) consist of?
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges
The place where two bones meet (also called an articulation).
a joint
The freely moving joint
ball and socket
most common type
contain a capsule lined with lubricant-secreting synovial membrane
ex. hand
the synovial joint
joint allows for slight movement
hold bones in place with cartilage
ex. pubic symphysis
the cartilaginous joint
joint allows almost no movement
thick fibrous tissue that can fuse into bone
ex. sutures of skull
the fibrous joint
Medical Specialties: healthcare profession with diagnosis and treatment of conditions of spine
chiropractic
Medical Specialties: specializing in treatment of musculoskeletal system
orthopedics
Medical Specialties: specializing in making orthopedic appliances like braces and splints
orthotics
Medical Specialties: specialize in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of feet and legs
podiatry
Medical Specialties: specialize in making artificial body parts
prosthetics
Medical Specialities: specialize in treatment of autoimmune conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones
rheumatology
Signs and Symptoms: joint pain
arthralgia
Signs and Symptoms: inflammation of bursa
bursitis
Signs and Symptoms: mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during its healing
callus
Signs and Symptoms: softening of cartillage
chondormalacia
Signs and Symptoms: noise produced by bones rubbing together
crepitation
Signs and Symptoms: bone pain
ostealgia
Signs and Symptoms: inflammation of synovial membrane
synovitis
Fractures: facture where there is no open skin wound
closed fracture
Fractures: common type of wrist fracture
colles’ fracture
Fractures: bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed
comminuted fracture
Fractures: bone has broken through skin
compound fracture
