Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Terms > Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

distributes blood to all areas of the body
delivers needed substances to cells
removes waste from cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 organs that make up the cardiovascular system?

A

heart
blood vessels
arteries
capillaries
veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The part of the circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart.

A

systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The part of the circulatory system that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen, and then back to the heart.

A

pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

mediastinum (center of chest cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The inner layer of the heart that lines the heart chambers.
A smooth, thin layer that reduces friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers

A

the endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart. Contraction of this muscle develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.

A

the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The outer layer of the heart. It forms the visceral layer of the pericardial sac. The fluid between layers of the pericardial sac reduces friction as heart beats.

A

the epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.

A

the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The two lower chambers of the heart

A

the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What walls divide the heart chambers into right and left sides?

A

the interatrial septum and interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The heart valve that controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle
- called the atrioventricular valve (AV)
- prevents backflow of blood into right atrium
has three leaves/cusps

A

the tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The valve that controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
- prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
- called the semilunar valve (half-moon shape)

A

the pulmonary valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The valve that controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle
- atrioventricular valve
- prevents backflow of blood into left atrium
- called the bicuspid valve (two cusps)

A

the mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The period of time a chamber is relaxed

A

diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The period of time a chamber is contracting

A

systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What system is the heart rate regulated by?

A

the autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, capillaries, and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The pipes that circulate blood throughout the body

A

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The channel within the blood vessels

A

the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The large, thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

A

the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The network of tiny, thin walled blood vessels that connect arteries and veins

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thin-walled valvular vessels that carry blood to the heart

A

veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pathology: branch of medicine that diagnoses and treatment of conditions and diseases of cardiovascular system

A

cardiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pathology: healthcare profession trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography exercise stress tests

A

cardiovascular technologist/technician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: inflammation of a vessel

A

angiitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms:involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessels

A

angiospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms:narrowing of a vessel

A

angiostenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from thrombus; may result in myocardial infarction

A

embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: area of tissue within organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following loss of its blood supply

A

infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to construction to circulation

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: a sound arising from blood flowing through the heart; may indicate heart abnormality

A

murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing straight up suddenly

A

orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: pounding, racing heartbeats

A

palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: yellow, fat deposit of lipids in artery that is hallmark of atherosclerosis; called an atheroma

A

plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: to flow backward; in cardiovascular system this refers to backflow of blood through a valve

A

regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Pathology; Signs and Symptoms: blood clot forming within blood vessels; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel

A

thrombus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Pathology; Heart: condition with severe pain with sensation of constriction around heart; caused by deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle; chest pain

A

angina pectoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pathology; Heart: complete stopping of heart activity

A

cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Pathology; Heart: pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup around heart inside pericardial sac; heart becomes unable to pump blood effectively

A

cardiac tamponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Pathology; Heart: enlarged heart

A

cardiomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pathology; Heart: general term for disease of myocardium; caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and heart failure; most common reasons patient need a heart transplant

A

cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pathology; Heart: hole in septum between two heart chambers; results in mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; can be an atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

congenital septal defect (CSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Pathology; Heart: pathological condition of heart where there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because left ventricle myocardium has become to weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Pathology; Heart: insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries; may be caused by atherosclerosis and may cause angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Pathology; Heart: inflammation of lining membranes of heart; due to bacteria or to abnormal immunological response; in bacterial endocarditis, mass of bacteria that forms is referred to as vegetation

A

endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Pathology; Heart: condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through valve when heart chambers contract; heart valve incompetence or heart valve insufficiency

A

heart valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Pathology; Heart: condition where cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff and unable to open fully

A

heart valve stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Pathology; Heart: condition caused by partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of coronary arteries; squeezing pain or heavy pressure in middle of chest; referred to as heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pathology; Heart: inflammation of muscle layer of heart wall

A

myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Pathology; Heart: inflammation of pericardial sac around the heart

A

pericarditis

52
Q

Pathology; Heart: combination of four congenital anomalies: pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, and hypertrophy of right ventricle; need immediate surgery

A

tetralogy of Fallot

53
Q

Pathology; Heart: inflammation of a heart valve

A

valvulitis

54
Q

Pathology; Heart: irregularity in heartbeat or action; too fast, too slow, irregular

A

arrhythmia

55
Q

Pathology; Heart: occurs when electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle of His or bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at different rate than atria; heart block

A

bundle branch block

56
Q

Pathology; Heart: condition of having a slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats per minute; in highly trained aerobic people

A

bradycardia

57
Q

Pathology; Heart: extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur; need emergency equipment to defibrillate heart are needed

A

fibrillation

58
Q

Pathology; Heart: arrhythmia where atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern

A

flutter

59
Q

Pathology; Heart: arrhythmia where atria contract earlier than they should

A

premature atrial contraction

60
Q

Pathology; Heart: arrhythmia where ventricles contract earlier than they should

A

premature ventricular contraction

61
Q

Pathology; Heart: condition of having a fast heart rat, typically more than 11 beats/minute while at rest

A

tachycardia

62
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: weakness in wall of artery resulting in localized widening of artery; common in aorta in abdomen and cerebral arteries in brain

A

aneurysm

63
Q

Pathology; Heart: ruptured artery; may occur if aneurysm ruptured artery walls

A

anterior rhexis

64
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries; most often due to atherosclerosis

A

ateriosclerosis

65
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery that bulges into and narrows lumen of artery; called a plaque

A

atheroma

66
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: most common form of atherosclerosis; caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol on inner walls of arteries

A

atherosclerosis

67
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: severe congenital narrowing of aorta

A

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

68
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly legs; embolus breaking off from this thrombosis would travel to lungs and block blood flow through lungs

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

69
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: varicose veins in anal region

A

hemorrhoid

70
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: blood pressure above normal range

A

hypertension

71
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: decrease in blood pressure (BP); can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches

A

hypotension

72
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: congenital heart anomaly in which fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

73
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside heart; symptoms include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulse

A

peripheral vascular disease

74
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

75
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: inflammation of several arteries

A

polyarteritis

76
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities of body, especially fingers, toes, ears, adn nose; brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

77
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: inflammation of vein resulting in formation of blood clots within vein

A

thrombophlebitis

78
Q

Pathology; Blood Vessels: swollen and distended veins, usually in legs

A

varicose veins

79
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Medical Procedures: process of listening to sounds within body by using a stethoscope

A

auscultation

80
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Medical Procedures: instrument for measuring blood pressure; blood pressure cuff

A

sphygmomanometer

81
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Medical Procedures: instrument for listening to body sounds (auscultation), such as chest, heart or intestines

A

stethoscope

82
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Clinical Laboratory Tests: blood test to determine level of proteins specific to heart muscle in blood; increase in these proteins may indicate heart muscle damage;

A

cardiac biomarkers

83
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Clinical Laboratory Tests: blood test to measure amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood; indicator of atherosclerosis risk

A

serum lipoprotein level

84
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Diagnostic Imaging: x-ray record of vessel taken during angiography

A

angiogram

85
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Diagnostic Imaging: x-rays taken after injection of opaque material into blood vessel

A

angiography

86
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Clinical Laboratory Tests: patient is given radioactive thallium intravenously and then scanning equipment is used to visualize heart; especially useful to determine myocardial damage

A

cardiac scan

87
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Diagnostic Imaging: : measurement of sound-wave echoes as they bounce off tissues and organs to produce an image; used to measure velocity of blood moving through blood vessels to look for blood clots or deep vein thromboses

A

Doppler ultrasonography

88
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Diagnostic Imaging: noninvasive diagnostic procedure using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; cardiac valve activity can be evaluated

A

echocardiography

89
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Cardiac Function Test: passage of thin-tube catheter through blood vessel leading to heart; done to detect abnormalities, to collect cardiac blood samples, and to determine blood pressure within heart

A

cardiac catheterization (CC,cath)

90
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Cardiac Function Test: flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids in our out of the body; used to place dye into blood vessels to visualize x-rays

A

catheter

91
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Cardiac Function Test: hardcopy record produced by electrocardiography

A

electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG)

92
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Cardiac Function Test: process of recording electrical activity of heart; useful in diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm and heart muscle damage

A

electrocardiography

93
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Cardiac Function Test: portable ECG monitor worn by patient for a few hours to few days to assess heart and pulse activity during daily living; used for patient with chest pain and unusual heart activity during exercise and normal activities

A

Holter monitor

94
Q

Diagnostic Procedures; Cardiac Function Test: method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness; patient is put on treadmill or bike and steadily increases work; exercise test or treadmill test

A

stress testing

95
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air to lungs for person in cardiac arrest; chest compressions and respiration is performed by CPR trained rescuers

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

96
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: converts serious irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, by giving electric shocks to heart using defibrillator

A

defibrillation

97
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: during open heart surgery, routing of blood to heart-lung machine so it can be oxygenated and pumped to rest of body

A

extracorporeal circulation

98
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: device implanted in heart that delivers electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm; used for people who have ventricular fibrillation

A

implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

99
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: electrical device that substitutes for natural pacemaker of heart; controls beating of heart by rhythmic electrical impulses

A

pacemaker implantation

100
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: medical treatment for varicose veins; injection of solution directly into varicose vein; irritates lining of vessel, causing it to collapse and stick together

A

sclerotherapy

101
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Medical Procedures: process where drug (streptokinase SK) or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are injected into blood vessel to dissolve clots and restore blood flow

A

thrombolytic therapy

102
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: surgical removal of sac of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmectomy

103
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: surgical joining together of two arteries; performed if artery is severed or if damaged section of artery is removed

A

arterial anostomosis

104
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: surgical procedure to remove deposit of fatty substance, atheroma, from artery

A

atherectomy

105
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: open-heart surgery in which blood vessel from another location in body (normally leg vein) is grafted to route blood around blocked coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

106
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: removal of embolus or clot from blood vessel

A

embolectomy

107
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: removal of diseased or damaged inner lining of artery; usually performed to remove atherosclerotic plaques

A

endarterectomy

108
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: replacement of diseased or malfunctioning heart with donor’s heart

A

heart transplantation

109
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: placement of stent within coronary artery to treat coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis

A

intracoronary artery stent

110
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: surgical treatment for varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off and removed

A

ligation and stripping

111
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: method for treating localized coronary artery narrowing; balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery and inflated to dilate narrow blood vessel

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

112
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: stainless steel placed within blood vessel or duct to widen lumen

A

stent

113
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: removal of diseased heart valve and replacement with artificial valve

A

valve replacement

114
Q

Therapeutic Procedures; Surgical Procedures: surgical procedure to repair a heart valve

A

valvoplasty

115
Q

Pharmacology: produce vasodilation and decrease blood pressure (ex. benazepril, Lotensin, captopril, Capoten)

A

ACE inhibitor drugs

116
Q

Pharmacology: reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias (ex. flecainide, Tambocor; ibutilide, Corvert)

A

antiarrhythmic

117
Q

Pharmacology: prevents blood clot formation (ex. heparin, warfarin, Coumadin)

A

antiocoagulant

118
Q

Pharmacology: reduces amount of cholesterol and lipids in bloodstream; treats hyperlipidemia (ex. atorvastatin, Lipitor; simvastatin, Zocor)

A

antilipidemic

119
Q

Pharmacology: inhibit ability of platelets to clump together as part of blood clot (ex. clopidogrel, Plavix; aspirin; ticlopidine, Ticlid)

A

antiplatelet agents

120
Q

Pharmacology: treat hypertension and angina pectoris by lowering heart rate (ex. metoprolol, Lopressor; propranolol, Ticlid)

A

beta-blocker drugs

121
Q

Pharmacology: treat hypertension, angina, pectoris, and congestive heart failure by causing heart to beat less forcefully and less often (Ex. diltiazem, Cardizem; nifedipine, Procardia)

A

calcium channel blocker drugs

122
Q

Pharmacology: increase force of cardiac muscle contraction; treats congestive heart failure (ex. digoxin, Lanoxin)

A

cardiotonic

123
Q

Pharmacology: increase urine production by kidneys, which works to reduce plasma and therefore blood volume, resulting in lower blood pressure (ex. furosemide, Lasix)

A

diuretic

124
Q

Pharmacology: dissolves existing blood clots (ex. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); alteplase, Activase

A

fibrinolytic

125
Q

Pharmacology: relaxes smooth muscle in walls of arteries, thereby increasing diameter of blood vessel; used to increase circulation to ischemic area and reduce blood pressure (ex. nitroglycerin, Nitro-Dur; hydralazine, Apresoline)

A

vasodilator

126
Q
A

Med Terms (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions