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Med Terms > Chapter 7: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as respiratory system

A

internal medicine

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2
Q

branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of ear, nose and throat

A

otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

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3
Q

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of respiratory system

A

pulmonology

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4
Q

allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders; conduct pulmonary function tests, monitor oxygen levels in blood, etc

A

respiratory therapy

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5
Q

anosmia

A

lack of sense of smell

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5
Q

branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of respiratory system by surgical means

A

thoracic surgery

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6
Q

anoxia

A

condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

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7
Q

aphonia

A

condition of being unable to produce sounds

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8
Q

apnea

A

not breathing

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9
Q

lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; suffocation

A

asphyxia

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10
Q

refers to withdrawing fluid from body cavity using suction

A

aspiration

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11
Q

breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate

A

bradypnea

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12
Q

dilated bronchus

A

bronchiectasis

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13
Q

involuntary muscle spasm of smooth muscle in wall of bronchus

A

bronchospasm

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14
Q

abnormal breathing pattern where there are long periods of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

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15
Q

abnormal widening and thickening of ends of fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency; seen in patients with chronic respiratory condition

A

clubbing

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16
Q

abnormal cracking or bubbling sound made during inspiration; indicates presence of fluid or mucus in small airways; rales

A

crackles

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17
Q

blush tint of skin that is receiving insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation

A

cyanosis

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18
Q

condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

A

dysphonia

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19
Q

difficult or labored breathing

A

dyspenia

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20
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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21
Q

normal breathing and respiratory rate

A

eupnea

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22
Q

to cough up blood or blood-stained sputum

A

hemoptysis

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23
Q

presence of blood in chest cavity

A

hemothorax

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24
Q

condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in body

A

hypercapnia

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25
Q

taking deep breaths

A

hyperpnea

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26
Q

breathing both too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea)

A

hyperventilation

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27
Q

insufficient level of carbon dioxide in body

A

hypocapnia

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28
Q

taking shallow breaths

A

hypopnea

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29
Q

breathing both too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (hypopnea)

A

hypoventilation

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30
Q

condition of having insufficient amount of oxygen in bloodstream

A

hypoxemia

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31
Q

condition of receiving insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air

A

hypoxia

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32
Q

paralysis of muscles controlling larynx

A

laryngoplegia

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33
Q

describes dyspnea worsened by lying flat; patient feels able to breath easier while sitting up; common in people with pulmonary disease

A

orthopnea

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34
Q

inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

A

pansinusitis

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35
Q

open or unblocked, such as patient airway

A

patent

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36
Q

thick mucus secreted by membranes lining respiratory tract

A

phlegm

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37
Q

grating sound made when 2 layers of pleura rub together during respiration; caused when one surface becomes thickers as result of inflammation or other disease conditions

A

pleural rub

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38
Q

pleural pain

A

pleurodynia

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39
Q

presence of pus in chest cavity; indicates bacterial infection

A

pyothorax

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40
Q

inflammation of nasal cavity

A

rhinitis

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41
Q

rapid flow of blood from nose

A

rhinorrhagia

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42
Q

discharge from nose; runny nose

A

rhinorrhea

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43
Q

somewhat musical sound during expiration, found in asthma or infection; caused by spams of bronchial tubes; wheezing

A

rhonchi

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44
Q

used to indicate patient is having some difficulty breathing; sypnea

A

shortness of breath (SOB)

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45
Q

mucus or phlegm coughed up from lining of respiratory tract

A

sputum

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46
Q

harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is obstruction of bronchus or larynx; found in conditions such as croup

A

stridor

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47
Q

breathing fast; high respiratory rate

A

tachypnea

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48
Q

chest pain; not angina pectoris

A

thoracalgia

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49
Q

narrowing of trachea

A

tracheostenosis

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50
Q

acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by barking type of cough or stridor

A

croup

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51
Q

bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by formation of thick membranous film across throat and high mortality rate

A

diphtheria

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52
Q

inflammation of larynx

A

laryngitis

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53
Q

inflammation of nasal cavity and pharynx; common cold

A

nasopharyngitis

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54
Q

infectious bacterial disease of upper respiratory system that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots; whooping cough

A

pertussis

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55
Q

inflammation of pharynx; sore throat

A

pharyngitis

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56
Q

fungal infection of nasal cavity

A

rhinomycosis

57
Q

disease caused by various conditions, like allergens and resulting in constriction of bronchial airways; dyspnea, cough, wheezing

A

asthma

58
Q

abnormal enlargement of bronchi; can result in destruction of bronchial walls; coughing up large amount of purulent sputum, crackles, and hemoptysis

A

bronchiectasis

59
Q

inflammation of a bronchus

A

bronchitis

60
Q

malignant tumor originating in bronchi; usually associated with history of cigarette smoking

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

61
Q

acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia; can be called acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

62
Q

type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of coal dust in lung; black lung/miner’s lung

A

anthracosis

63
Q

type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in lungs; may lead to development of lung cancer

A

asbestosis

64
Q

condition in which alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

atelectasis

65
Q

progressive, chronic and usually irreversible group of conditions (often combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema) in which lungs have diminished capacity for inhalation and exhalation

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

66
Q

hereditary condition causing exocrine glands to malfunction; patient produces thick mucus that causes severe congestion within lungs, pancreas, and intestine

A

cystic fibrosis (CF)

67
Q

pulmonary condition characterized by destruction of walls of alveoli, resulting in fewer, overexpanded air sacs; can result from smoking; patient may not be able to breathe except in sitting or standing position

A

emphysema

68
Q

pulmonary infection caused by fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, count in dust and in droppings of pigeons and chickens

A

histoplasmosis

69
Q

lung condition most commonly found in premature infants with tachypnea and respiratory grunting ; caused by lack of surfactant necessary to keep lungs inflated; also called HMD

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

70
Q

viral infection of respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue; the flu

A

influenza (flu)

71
Q

severe, often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage

A

Legionnaires’ disease

72
Q

life-threatening viral respiratory illness first reported in Saudi Arabia; fever, cough, shortness of breath

A

Middle East respiratory system (MERS)

73
Q

less severe but longer-lasting form of pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae; walking pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

74
Q

condition from inhalation of environmental particles that become toxic

A

pneumoconiosis

75
Q

inflammatory condition of lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated substances, results in filling of alveoli and air spaces with fluid

A

pneumonia

76
Q

condition where lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid, especially in alveoli, results in dyspnea

A

pulmonary edema

77
Q

obstruction of pulmonary artery or one of its branches by embolus; may cause infarct in lung tissue

A

pulmonary embolism (PE)

78
Q

formation of fibrous scar tissue in lungs that lead to decreased ability to expand lungs; may be caused by infections, pneumoconiosis, autoimmune disease

A

pulmonary fibrous

79
Q

acute viral respiratory infection that begins like flu but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea; high fatality rate in persons over age 65

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

80
Q

type of pneumoconiosis that develops from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust found in quarrying, glasswork

A

silicosis

81
Q

condition where breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause drops in oxygen levels in blood

A

sleep apnea

82
Q

unexplained and unexpected death of infant under one year; child stops breathing for unknown reason

A

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

83
Q

infectious disease caused by bacteria; affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in lungs; weakened immune system

A

tuberculosis (TB)

84
Q

pus with pleural space usually associated with bacterial infection; also called pyothorax

A

empyema

85
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity preventing lungs from fully expanding

A

pleural effusion

86
Q

inflammation of pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath; also called pleuritis

A

pleurisy

87
Q

collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, possibly resulting in collapse of lung

A

pneumothorax

88
Q

DP: testing for glasses present in blood;generally used to assist in determining levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood

A

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

89
Q

DP: testing sputum by placing it on culture medium and observing any bacterial growth; specimen is then tested to determine antibiotic effectiveness

A

sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

89
Q

examining sputum for malignant cells

A

sputum cytology

90
Q

x-ray record of bronchus produced by bronchography

A

bronchogram

91
Q

x-ray of lung after radiopaque substance inserted into trachea or bronchial tubes

A

branchiography

92
Q

taking radiographic pictures of lungs and heart from back and sides

A

chest X-ray (CXR)

93
Q

injecting dye into blood vessels for purpose of taking X-ray of arteries and veins of lungs

A

pulmonary angiography

94
Q

nuclear medicine diagnostic test especially useful in identifying pulmonary emboli; radioactive air is inhaled for ventilation portion to determine if air is filling entire lung; radioactive intravenous injection shows if blood is flowing to all parts of lung

A

ventilation-perfusion scan

95
Q

instrument used to view inside bronchus during bronchoscopy

A

bronchoscope

96
Q

visual examination of inside of bronchi; use bronchoscope

A

bronchoscopy

97
Q

instrument used to view inside larynx during laryngoscopy

A

laryngoscope

98
Q

examination of interior of larynx with lighted instrument called laryngoscope

A

laryngoscopy

99
Q

instrument that measures amount of oxygen in bloodstream

A

oximeter

100
Q

procedure to measure oxygen level in blood using device, oximeter, placed on patient’s fingertips or earlobe

A

oximetry

101
Q

group of diagnostic tests that give information regarding airflow in and out of lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream

A

pulmonary function test (PFT)

102
Q

instrument to measure lung capacity used to spirometry

A

spirometer

103
Q

procedure to measure lung capacity using spirometer

A

spirometry

104
Q

monitoring patient while sleeping to identify sleep apnea; called sleep apnea study

A

polysomnography

105
Q

test for cystic fibrosis; patients with this disease have abnormally large amounts of salt in their sweat

A

sweat test

106
Q

procedure where tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is applied under surface of skin to determine if patient has been exposed to tuberculosis; also called Mantoux test

A

tuberculin skin test (TB test)

107
Q

medication suspended in mist intended for inhalation; delivered by nebulizer which provides mist for period of time while patient breathes

A

aerosol therapy

108
Q

machine that supplies constant and steady air pressure through mask, keeps airways continuously open; common treatment for sleep apnea

A

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

109
Q

placing a tube through mouth, through glottis, and into trachea to create patient airway

A

endotracheal intubation

110
Q

method for assisting patients in breathing using mask connected to machine that produces increased positive thoracic pressure

A

intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)

111
Q

two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into nose; one prong is inserted into each naris

A

nasal cannula

112
Q

drainage of secretions from bronchi by placing patient in position that uses gravity to promote drainage; used for treatment of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis

A

postural drainage

113
Q

providing patient with additional concentration of oxygen to improve oxygen levels in bloodstream; oxygen may be provided by mask or nasal cannula

A

supplemental oxygen therapy

114
Q

machine that provides artificial ventilation for patient unable to breathe on their own; called respirator

A

ventilator

115
Q

surgical repair of a bronchus

A

bronchoplasty

116
Q

surgical removal of larynx

A

laryngectomy

117
Q

surgical repair of larynx

A

larygoplasty

118
Q

surgical removal of a lobe of a lung

A

lobectomy

119
Q

surgical removal of pleura

A

pleurectomy

120
Q

procedure involving insertion of needle in pleural space to withdraw fluid; may be treatment for excess fluid accumulating or to obtain fluid for diagnostic examination

A

pleurocentesis

121
Q

surgical removal of entire lung

A

pneumonectomy

122
Q

surgical repair of nose

A

rhinoplasty

123
Q

surgical puncture of chest wall for removal of fluids; also called thoracocentesis

A

thoracentesis

124
Q

insertion of tube into chest cavity for purpose of draining off fluid or air; chest tube

A

thoracostomy

125
Q

to cut into chest cavity

A

thoracotomy

126
Q

surgical procedure often performed in emergency that creates opening directly into trachea to allow patient to breathe easier

A

tracheotomy

127
Q

emergency treatment given by person trained in CPR and given to patients when the respirations and heart stop

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

128
Q

technique for removing foreign body from trachea or pharynx by exerting diaphragmatic pressure

A

Heimlich maneuver

129
Q

use of fingertips to tap on surface to assess condition beneath; determined in part by feel of surface as it is tapped and sound generated

A

percussion

130
Q

Pharma: action that occurs in body when drug is allowed to accumulate or stay in body

A

cumulative action

131
Q

prevention of diseases

A

prophylaxis

132
Q

kills bacteria causing respiratory infections (ampicillin, amoxicillin)

A

antibiotic

133
Q

blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergen attack (Allegra, Claritin)

A

antihistamine

134
Q

relaxes muscle spasms in bronchial tubes; used to treat asthma(Proventil, Serevent)

A

bronchodilator

135
Q

relieves urge to cough (hydrocodone, Hycodan)

A

antitussive

136
Q

reduces inflammation and swelling in respiratory tract (Flonase, Nasonex)

A

corticosteroids

137
Q

reduces stiffness and congestion throughout respiratory system (Afrin, Drixoral)

A

decongestant

138
Q

improves ability to cough up mucus from respiratory tract (Mucinex, Robitussin)

A

expectorant

139
Q
A

Med Terms (18 decks)

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