Chapter 9- Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment and diseases and disorders of the kidney
A
nephrology
2
Q
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system
A
urology
3
Q
complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion
A
anuria
4
Q
accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood
A
azotemia
5
Q
presence of bacteria in the urine
A
bacteriuria
6
Q
stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra
A
calculus
7
Q
urinary bladder pain
A
cystalgia
8
Q
bladder stone
A
cystolith
9
Q
abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder
A
cystorrhagia
10
Q
increased formation and excretion of urine
A
diuresis
11
Q
difficult of painful urination
A
dysuria
12
Q
involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; around 5 yrs. old
A
enuresis
13
Q
greater than normal occurrence in urge to urinate
A
frequency
14
Q
presence of sugar in the urine
A
glycosuria
15
Q
presence of blood in the urine
A
hematuria
16
Q
decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow, often symptom of blockage along the urethra
A
hesistancy
17
Q
presence of ketones in urine, occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy
A
ketonuria
18
Q
kidney stone
A
nephrolith
19
Q
kidney is abnormally soft
A
nephromalacia
20
Q
kidney is enlarged
A
nephromegaly
21
Q
kidney tissue has become hardened
A
nephrosclerosis
22
Q
having to urinate frequently during the night
A
nocturia
23
Q
producing too little urine
A
oliguria
24
Q
producing unusually large volume of urine
A
polyuria
25
presence of protein in urine
proteinuria
26
presence of pus in urine
pyuria
27
pain caused by kidney stone
renal colic
28
narrowing of passageway in the urinary system
stricture
29
accumulation of waste products in bloodstream; associated with renal failure
uremia
30
ureter is stretched out or dilated
ureterectasis
31
stone in the ureter
ureterolith
32
ureter has become narrow
ureterostenosis
33
urethral pain
urethralgia
34
abnormal bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
35
urethra has become narrow
urethrostenosis
36
feeling need to urinate immediately
urgency
37
involuntary release of urine, catheter may be inserted
urinary incontinence
38
inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates blockage in urethra
urinary retention
39
damage to and potential death of renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria
acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
40
accumulation of damage to glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
diabetic nephropathy
41
inflammation of the kidney
glomerulonephritis
42
distention of renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney
hydronephrosis
43
kidney inflammation
nephritis
44
presence of calculi in the kidney, usually begins with solidification of salts present in urine
nephrolithiasis
45
kidney tumor
nephroma
46
general term describing presence of kidney disease
nephropathy
47
downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; floating kidney
nephroptosis
48
damage to glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream, also called nephrosis
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
49
formation of multiple cysts (pouches) within kidney tissue, resulting in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia
polycystic kidneys
50
renal pelvis inflammation
pyelitis
51
inflammation of renal pelvis and the kidney, one of the most common types of kidney disease
pyelonephritis
52
cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
renal cell carcinoma
53
inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia
renal failure
54
malignant kidney tumor found most often in children, also called nephroblastoma
Wilms' tumor
55
cancerous tumor that arises from cells lining the bladder, major sign is hematuria
bladder cancer
56
blockage of the bladder outlet, often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
57
urinary bladder inflammation
cystitis
58
protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina
cystocele
59
disease of unknown cause in which their is inflammation and irritation of the bladder
interstitial cystitis
60
loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
neurogenic bladder
61
infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ in the urinary system, most common in women
urinary tract infection (UTI)
62
screening test for persons at risk for developing kidney disease; measures amount of albumin and creatinine in urine
albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)
63
blood test to measure kidney function by level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in the blood
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
64
Urine sample obtained after cleaning off urinary opening and catching or collecting a urine sample in midstream to minimize contamination from genitalia
clean catch specimen (CC)
65
test of kidney function; urine is collected for 24 hours and mount of creatinine is compared
creatinine clearance
66
test to measure kidney function, estimates how well glomeruli are filtering water out of bloodstream
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
67
laboratory test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urinalysis (U/A, UA)
68
laboratory test of urine for bacterial infection; determines which antibiotics are sensitive
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
69
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine; part of urinalysis
urinometer
70
x-ray record of the urinary bladder
cystogram
71
process of instilling contrast material or dye into the bladder by catheter to visualize the urinary bladder on x-ray
cystography
72
injecting dye into bloodstream and then taking x-ray to trace action of the kidney as it excretes dye in the urine
excretory urography (EU)
73
diagnostic x-ray procedure where dye is injected into vein and then x-rays are taken to visualize the renal pelvis as dye is removed by the kidney
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
74
x-ray taken of the abdomen demonstrating kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast dye; flat-plate abdomen
kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
75
x-ray record of kidney
nephrogram
76
x-ray record of the renal pelvis
pyelogram
77
diagnostic x-ray procedure where dye is inserted through urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis
retrograde pyelography (RP)
78
x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding after contrast dye is placed in the bladder
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
79
instrument used to visually examine inside of the urinary bladder
cystoscope
80
visual examination of the urinary bladder using cystoscope
cystoscopy (cysto)
81
instrument to visually examine inside of the urethra
urethroscope
82
flexible tube inserted into body to move fluids in or out of body
catheter
83
insertion of tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye
catheterization (cath)
84
use of ultrasound waves from outside the body to break up stones, not invasive
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
85
use of artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products
hemodialysis (HD)
86
removal of toxic waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; used to treat renal failure and certain poisoning
peritoneal dialysis
87
surgical removal of the urinary bladder
cystectomy
88
surgical fixation of urinary bladder; performed to correct cystocele
cystopexy
89
to repair a defect in the urinary bladder by surgical mans
cystoplasty
90
to surgically create opening into the urinary bladder through the abdominal wall
cystostomy
91
to cut into the urinary bladder
cystotomy
92
to cut into an organ for purpose of removing a stone
lithotomy
93
physical destruction of a stone in urinary system by crushing or sound waves
lithotripsy
94
to cut into the meatus in order to enlarge opening of the urethra
meatotomy
95
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
96
to cut into the kidney in order to remove stones
nephrolithotomy
97
surgical fixation of a kidney to anchor it in its normal anatomical position
nephropexy
98
to surgically create an opening into the kidney through the abdominal wall
nephrostomy
99
to cut into the kidney
nephrotomy
100
to repair the renal pelvis by surgical means
pyeloplasty
101
surgical placement of a donor kidney
renal transplant
102
substance that will neutralize poisons or their side effects
antidote
103
usually unfavorable response resulting from physician's actions, taking of medication, or a treatment
iatrogenic
104
unusual or abnormal response to drug or food
idiosuncrasy
105
response to drug other than the effect desired; adverse reaction
side effect
106
extent or degree to which a substance is poisonous
toxicity
