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Med Terms > Chapter 9- Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment and diseases and disorders of the kidney

A

nephrology

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2
Q

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system

A

urology

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3
Q

complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion

A

anuria

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4
Q

accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood

A

azotemia

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5
Q

presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

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6
Q

stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra

A

calculus

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7
Q

urinary bladder pain

A

cystalgia

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8
Q

bladder stone

A

cystolith

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9
Q

abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder

A

cystorrhagia

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10
Q

increased formation and excretion of urine

A

diuresis

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11
Q

difficult of painful urination

A

dysuria

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12
Q

involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; around 5 yrs. old

A

enuresis

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13
Q

greater than normal occurrence in urge to urinate

A

frequency

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14
Q

presence of sugar in the urine

A

glycosuria

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15
Q

presence of blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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16
Q

decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow, often symptom of blockage along the urethra

A

hesistancy

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17
Q

presence of ketones in urine, occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy

A

ketonuria

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18
Q

kidney stone

A

nephrolith

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19
Q

kidney is abnormally soft

A

nephromalacia

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20
Q

kidney is enlarged

A

nephromegaly

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21
Q

kidney tissue has become hardened

A

nephrosclerosis

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22
Q

having to urinate frequently during the night

A

nocturia

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23
Q

producing too little urine

A

oliguria

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24
Q

producing unusually large volume of urine

A

polyuria

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25
Q

presence of protein in urine

A

proteinuria

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26
Q

presence of pus in urine

A

pyuria

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27
Q

pain caused by kidney stone

A

renal colic

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28
Q

narrowing of passageway in the urinary system

A

stricture

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29
Q

accumulation of waste products in bloodstream; associated with renal failure

A

uremia

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30
Q

ureter is stretched out or dilated

A

ureterectasis

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31
Q

stone in the ureter

A

ureterolith

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32
Q

ureter has become narrow

A

ureterostenosis

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33
Q

urethral pain

A

urethralgia

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34
Q

abnormal bleeding from the urethra

A

urethrorrhagia

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35
Q

urethra has become narrow

A

urethrostenosis

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36
Q

feeling need to urinate immediately

A

urgency

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37
Q

involuntary release of urine, catheter may be inserted

A

urinary incontinence

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38
Q

inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates blockage in urethra

A

urinary retention

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39
Q

damage to and potential death of renal tubules due to presence of toxins in the urine or to ischemia; results in oliguria

A

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

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40
Q

accumulation of damage to glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus

A

diabetic nephropathy

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41
Q

inflammation of the kidney

A

glomerulonephritis

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42
Q

distention of renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney

A

hydronephrosis

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43
Q

kidney inflammation

A

nephritis

44
Q

presence of calculi in the kidney, usually begins with solidification of salts present in urine

A

nephrolithiasis

45
Q

kidney tumor

A

nephroma

46
Q

general term describing presence of kidney disease

A

nephropathy

47
Q

downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location; floating kidney

A

nephroptosis

48
Q

damage to glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream, also called nephrosis

A

nephrotic syndrome (NS)

49
Q

formation of multiple cysts (pouches) within kidney tissue, resulting in destruction of normal kidney tissue and uremia

A

polycystic kidneys

50
Q

renal pelvis inflammation

A

pyelitis

51
Q

inflammation of renal pelvis and the kidney, one of the most common types of kidney disease

A

pyelonephritis

52
Q

cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells

A

renal cell carcinoma

53
Q

inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia

A

renal failure

54
Q

malignant kidney tumor found most often in children, also called nephroblastoma

A

Wilms’ tumor

55
Q

cancerous tumor that arises from cells lining the bladder, major sign is hematuria

A

bladder cancer

56
Q

blockage of the bladder outlet, often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males

A

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

57
Q

urinary bladder inflammation

A

cystitis

58
Q

protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina

A

cystocele

59
Q

disease of unknown cause in which their is inflammation and irritation of the bladder

A

interstitial cystitis

60
Q

loss of nervous control that leads to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis

A

neurogenic bladder

61
Q

infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ in the urinary system, most common in women

A

urinary tract infection (UTI)

62
Q

screening test for persons at risk for developing kidney disease; measures amount of albumin and creatinine in urine

A

albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)

63
Q

blood test to measure kidney function by level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in the blood

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

64
Q

Urine sample obtained after cleaning off urinary opening and catching or collecting a urine sample in midstream to minimize contamination from genitalia

A

clean catch specimen (CC)

65
Q

test of kidney function; urine is collected for 24 hours and mount of creatinine is compared

A

creatinine clearance

66
Q

test to measure kidney function, estimates how well glomeruli are filtering water out of bloodstream

A

estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

67
Q

laboratory test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

A

urinalysis (U/A, UA)

68
Q

laboratory test of urine for bacterial infection; determines which antibiotics are sensitive

A

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

69
Q

instrument to measure specific gravity of urine; part of urinalysis

A

urinometer

70
Q

x-ray record of the urinary bladder

A

cystogram

71
Q

process of instilling contrast material or dye into the bladder by catheter to visualize the urinary bladder on x-ray

A

cystography

72
Q

injecting dye into bloodstream and then taking x-ray to trace action of the kidney as it excretes dye in the urine

A

excretory urography (EU)

73
Q

diagnostic x-ray procedure where dye is injected into vein and then x-rays are taken to visualize the renal pelvis as dye is removed by the kidney

A

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

74
Q

x-ray taken of the abdomen demonstrating kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast dye; flat-plate abdomen

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

75
Q

x-ray record of kidney

A

nephrogram

76
Q

x-ray record of the renal pelvis

A

pyelogram

77
Q

diagnostic x-ray procedure where dye is inserted through urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis

A

retrograde pyelography (RP)

78
Q

x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding after contrast dye is placed in the bladder

A

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

79
Q

instrument used to visually examine inside of the urinary bladder

A

cystoscope

80
Q

visual examination of the urinary bladder using cystoscope

A

cystoscopy (cysto)

81
Q

instrument to visually examine inside of the urethra

A

urethroscope

82
Q

flexible tube inserted into body to move fluids in or out of body

A

catheter

83
Q

insertion of tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye

A

catheterization (cath)

84
Q

use of ultrasound waves from outside the body to break up stones, not invasive

A

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

85
Q

use of artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products

A

hemodialysis (HD)

86
Q

removal of toxic waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; used to treat renal failure and certain poisoning

A

peritoneal dialysis

87
Q

surgical removal of the urinary bladder

A

cystectomy

88
Q

surgical fixation of urinary bladder; performed to correct cystocele

A

cystopexy

89
Q

to repair a defect in the urinary bladder by surgical mans

A

cystoplasty

90
Q

to surgically create opening into the urinary bladder through the abdominal wall

A

cystostomy

91
Q

to cut into the urinary bladder

A

cystotomy

92
Q

to cut into an organ for purpose of removing a stone

A

lithotomy

93
Q

physical destruction of a stone in urinary system by crushing or sound waves

A

lithotripsy

94
Q

to cut into the meatus in order to enlarge opening of the urethra

A

meatotomy

95
Q

surgical removal of a kidney

A

nephrectomy

96
Q

to cut into the kidney in order to remove stones

A

nephrolithotomy

97
Q

surgical fixation of a kidney to anchor it in its normal anatomical position

A

nephropexy

98
Q

to surgically create an opening into the kidney through the abdominal wall

A

nephrostomy

99
Q

to cut into the kidney

A

nephrotomy

100
Q

to repair the renal pelvis by surgical means

A

pyeloplasty

101
Q

surgical placement of a donor kidney

A

renal transplant

102
Q

substance that will neutralize poisons or their side effects

A

antidote

103
Q

usually unfavorable response resulting from physician’s actions, taking of medication, or a treatment

A

iatrogenic

104
Q

unusual or abnormal response to drug or food

A

idiosuncrasy

105
Q

response to drug other than the effect desired; adverse reaction

A

side effect

106
Q

extent or degree to which a substance is poisonous

A

toxicity

Med Terms (18 decks)

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