Chapter 6 - The Integumentary System Flashcards by Jea Boyd

Contains the epidermis or superficial epithelium and dermis

Cutaneous membrane or skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Located primary in dermis and come out through epidermis , contains hair , nails , and exocrine glands

Accessory structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abrasion , fluid loss , immune system , chemicals

Protect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Salts, water, organic wastes

Excrete

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cells that make keratin, a protien that makes cells harder and tougher

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Maintenance of body temperature
Synthesis of vitamin d3
Storage of lipids
Sensation of touch , pressure , pain and temperature

Functions of skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

epidermal ridges begin here as interdigitations with dermal papillae

Stratum germinativum or stratum basale

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stem cells for keratinocytes are here as well as merkel cells and melanocytes
Dividing cells push other cells up through the layers to the outer stratum cornermen

Stratum germinativum or stratum Basele

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Means “spiny layer”

Also contains langerhans cells (immune system)

Stratum spinosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Means “grainy layer”
Cells produce keratin and keratohylalin ; these proteins dry and toughen the cells leading to flattening
Cells die as the move upward through this layer

Stratum granulosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thin layer of clear keratin packed cells found only in thick skin

Stratum lucidum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The outermost layer of dead keratinized cells and water resistant

Stratum cornermen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Deeper four-fifth of the dermis

Reticular layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Composed of areolar tissue , one - fifth of dermis

Papillary layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibrous connective tissue , blood vessels , sweat glands and hair follicles are there

Dermis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Due to epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation

The color of skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most important pigment for determining skin color

Melanin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Black, brown, yellow brown protein produced in ___

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Genetically controlled

Skin color

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A pigment of minor importance

Carotene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Found in orange colored foods and squash

Carotene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cause orange- yellow color in light skinned person

Carotene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A blue appearance to skin or mucus membrane due to lack of oxygen ; particularly seen on lips and nails

Cyanosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A yellow color to the skin and whites of the eyes due to inability of liver to secrete bike ; bilirubin , a yellow pigment from breakdown of RBCs , builds up the body

Jaundice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A hormone that can stimulate increased melanin production in melanocytes

Melanocytes stimulating hormone

May cause skin darling , like Addison's disease

Msh producing tumors

A condition where individuals lose their melanocytes, depigmentation is iregular both in extent and size of light spots and how light the spots are. Genetic and is an autoimmune disease

Vitiligo

Major risk factor for skin cancer

uV exposure from the sun

A scaly area

Keratosis

Most common but least dangerous ; takes many years to metastasize

Basal cell carinoma

Fairly common in older individuals; takes many months to a few years to metastasize

Squamous cell carcinoma

Least common , but extremely dangerous , takes weeks to months to metastasize

Malignant melanoma

Irregular shape to a mole

Asymmetry

Indistinct or irregular border to a mole

Border

Mixture of colors , or very dark colors , may also ooze or bleed

Color

A mole that is large than about 5mm in diameter , a little bigger than a pencil eraser

Diameter

Major cause of wrinkles

UV exposure

The active form of vitamin D3

Calcitriol

Redness from blood

Erythema

Necessary for proper nervous system development and maintenance

Folate

Areolar tissue containing capillaries , lymphatics and sensory neurons ; named for the dermal papillae , little bumps or hills that project upward between the epidermal ridges

Papillary layer

Dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers , contains all the cells expected in proper connective tissue , deep to papillary layer ,

Reticular layer

2 of the biggest factors contributing to early wrinkle formation

UV exposure and smoking

A cut parallel to the direction between the fibers gap less and heal with much less scarring than a cut across fibers . Used by surgeons to help minimize healing time and scaring

Line of cleavage

The network of arteries at the border of the reticular layer and the subcutaneous layer

Cutaneous plexus

The network of arteries in the papillary layer

Papillary plexus

Also known as the subcutaneous layer

Hypodermis

Areolar and adipose tissue and quite elastic

Subcutaneous layer

Many veins here will construct to return blood to circulation if needed , acts as a reservoir

Subcutaneous layer

Fat layer acts as insulation , shock absorber and energy reservoir

Subcutaneous layer

Known as epidermal derivatives

Accessory structures

It's dead , keratinized epithelial cells and are divided into the root and shaft

Hair

Below the skin surface , anchors hair into skin , includes bulb and papilla

Root

Is at the base of the root , wrapped around the papilla

Bulb

The cells that actually divide to form the hair , also part of the bulb

Matrix

The area of containing capillaries and nerves that protrudes up into the root just beanbags the matrix

Papillary

From the root to the top of the hair

Shaft

The center of the shaft

Medulla

Around the medulla of the hair shaft

Cortex

Wrapped around the cortex of the shaft

Cuticle

Hair on a fetus , unpigmented and very fine

Lanugo

Fine, unpigmented hair "peach fuzz" on most areas of body surface

Vellus hairs

Heavier , more pigmented hairs

Terminal hairs

These secrete lipids into hair follicles

Sebaceous glands or oil glands

Secretion from oil glands , inhibits some bacterial growth and protects the hair shaft as well as conditioning the surrounding skin ; exhibits Holocene secretion

Sebum

Glands secrete directly onto the skin

Sebaceous follicles

secrete in a Merocrine fashion , stinky sweat glands , secretion is sticky and cloudy

Apoceine sweat glands

A combination of merocrine and apocrine secretion

Mammary glands

Modified sweat glands in the ear that resemble apocrine sweat glands

Ceremonious glands

Sebaceous glands secretion and dead cells , also known as earwax

Cerumen

Main potion of visible nail

Nail body

The part you would normally trim

Free edge

Moon shaped crescent where the nail meets the cuticle

Lunula

Another name for cuticle

Eponychium

An epidermal fold deep to the skin , near the bone , where the nail is actually produced by dividing cells

Nail root

Area of stem cells that actually produce the nail

Nail matrix

Cells that divide to regenerate both the dermis and epidermis

Stem cells

Bleeding occurs and immune system cells migrate into injured tissue during ___

Inflammation

Formed from a protein called fibrin

Scab

Cells that migrate along the edges of the wound

Stratum germinativum

Moved into the injured area

Fibroblasts and macrophages

Forms the red to dark pink stuff under a scab

Granulation tissue , a combination of fibrin , fibroblasts and re growing capillaries

Has high density of collage fibers and few blood vessels forming a very fibrous tissue

Scar tissue

Bleeding occurs

Step 1.

Scab is formed

Step 2.

Scab begins the dissolve as fibroblast activity leads the appearance of collagen fibers and ground substance

Step 3.

Scar tissue forms in dermis

Step 4.

An area of excessive scarring resulting in an area of raised tissue ; the area of this is often greater than the size of the initial wound

Keloid

Redness; Damaged to epidermis only

1st degree burn

Blistering , damage to epidermis and Demi's

Second degree burn

The skin is gone , epidermis and all of the dermis is gone and damage frequently extends to the hypodermics

Third degree burn

First and second degree burns are this

Partial thickness burns

Third degree burns are this

Full thickness burns

Used when estimating extent of a persons body converted by burns .

Rule of nines

For adults arm is __%

Each leg is about __% | 2x9

18%

The head is about __%

The trunk is about __% | 4x9

36%

Red/pink melanin

Phenomelanin

Brown and black melanin

Eumelanin

Very little or no melanin

Albinism

Round hair shaft

Straight hair

Oval shaped shaft

Wavy hair

Ribbon like shaft

Curly hair

Hair grows ___years

6-8 years

You lose ___ hairs a day

50-100

Technical term for balding , terminal hairs get converted into vellus hair

Alopecia

X-linked recessive gene and expose to testosterone

Male pattern baldness

Excessive or undesirable hair growth

Hirsutism

Hirsutism due to high testosterone levels

Polycystic ovarian

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands

Acne

Inflammation of skin , itching , redness , like poison ivy

Dermatitis

Itchy , red skin lesions , caused by allergy , starts around age 5.

Eczema

Red rash like area , nose / cheeks , dilated blood vessels

Rosacea

Patchy scaly white/ yellow inflammation , cradle cap

Seborrheic

Any fungal infection of skin, moist area

Tinea