Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P I > Chapter 7 - Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Long slender bones; bones of arms, legs, fingers & toes , palms & soles

A

Long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Thin, flat bones that typically protect organs underneath; skull , sternum, ribs, scapula

A

Flat bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tiny bones found between flat bones of the skull; formed during growth & development as sutures form between the skull bones

A

Sutural bones or Wormian bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

small cube-shaped bones found in wrists (carpals) & ankles (tarsals)

A

Short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Small, flat, and shaped something like a sesame seed; found inside tendons ; patella

A

sesamoid bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bones that have complex shapes and dont fit the other categories ; skull bones around the face, pelvis, vertebrae

A

Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

network of collagen fibers with the calcium phosphate salt, hydroxyapatite, crystallized in bone

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a crystallized calcium phosphate salt found in bone

A

Hyroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

organic extracellular matrix of bone; consists of collagen fibers proteoglycans (organic)

A

Osteoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lay down new bone on surface at periosteum or endosteum

A

Osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The process that involves osteoblasts

A

Osteogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteoblasts make bone by secreting what ?

A
  • Collagen
  • Calcium
    -Phosphate
    Alkaline Phosphatase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoblasts trapped in the bone become ??

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

They maintain & monitor matrix from within lucunae

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

They connect to each other via gap junctions through cytoplasmic extensions

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Break down bone on surface at periosteum or endosteum

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The process that involves osteoclasts

A

Resorption or esteolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

they are derived from cells that also give rise to monocytes and when activated they precursor cells fuse to form large, multinucleated cells

A

osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Has a ruffled border and releases H+ (acid) and hydrolytic enzymes to de-mineralize and break down the collagen matrix

A

Osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Activate & regulate osteoclasts

A

Osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mesenchymal cells that divide to and form osteoblasts ; found in periosteum

A

Stem cells or Osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mature bone with organized lamellae oriented parallel and perpendicular to compression

A

Lamellar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Immatire or repairing bone with disorganized lamellae lamellae (all of orientaion)

A

Woven bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Main blood vessels entering and leaving the bone

A

Nutrient artery & vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Supply blood to the inner surface of each growth plate
Metaphyseal vessels
26
Supply blood to the periosteum & superficial osteons
Periosteal Vessels
27
Where the hyline version of the model is formed, ossified by the deposition of calcum phosphate salt onto the collagen fibers of the cartilage
Endochondral ossification
28
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts remodel the ossified cartilage into true bone at primary and secondary ossification centers
Endochondral ossification
29
The original woven bone is gradually remolded into lamellar bone
Enchochonral ossification
30
A membrane model of the bone forms in the correct place
Intramembranous ossification
31
Mesenchymal cells cluster in the center of the membrane and form a primary ossification center that secretes bone , blood vessels grow
Intramembranous ossification
32
In infants, cartilage between the skull
Frontanels
33
rapid growth of baby's skull during the first __ months of life
12-18
34
Layer of hyaline cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphyses at the ends of long bones
Growth plate or epiphyseal plate
35
grows in the middle , refers to growth at the growth plates for long bones. New cartilage is produced at this time and is pushed in the direction of the bone shaft
Interstitial growth
36
Growth at the edges . occurs at the periosteum to add thickness to the bone all along its length. Occurs through addition of cartilage at the epiphyses during puberty
Appositional growth
37
the visible lines in the bones that indicate where growth plates existed
Epiphyseal lines
38
Estrogen
Girls
39
Testosterone
Boys
40
active form of calcitrol , also known as cholecalciferol
Vitamin D
41
Necessary for absorption of calcium from intestines | Insufficient ___ causes rickets and osteomalacia
Vitamin D
42
Necessary for collagen synthesis by osteoblasts | Deficiency results in scurvy
Vitamin C
43
Requirements for Normal bone growth
Calcium, phosphate, protein, Vitamin D, A, C, K & B12
44
stimulates osteoblast activity particularly in children
Vitamin A
45
Required for normal protein syntheses
Vitamin K & B12
46
Hormones needed for regulation of blood calcium levels
PTH, Calcitriol, & Calcitonin
47
- From parathyroid gland - causes blood calcium to rise - Releases calcium from bone through increased osteoclast activity
Parathyroid hormone
48
- Causes kidney to retain calcium in blood from urine - Causes formation of calcitrol by kidney - Secreted when blood calcium levels drop
Parathyroid hormone
49
- Also known as active vitamin D - Causes blood calcium to rise - Required for intestinal absorption of calcium
Calcitriol
50
- inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion | - secreted when PTH reaches kidney
Calcitriol
51
essential for absorption of calcium from the intestines
Calcitriol
52
- Causes blood calcium levels to lower - causes increased calcium deposition in bone through increased osteoblast activity - Important in pregnancy
Calcitonin
53
usually only secreted after eating a meal with very high calcium content normally High blood calcium causes this to be secreted
Calcitonin
54
regulates calcium levels and bone remodeling activity
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
55
- produced by pituitary gland - stimulate production of somatomedins - Works with somatomedins tostimulate growth of cartilage
growth hormone
56
- Produced by liver & bone | - stimulates growth of cartilage, particularly at growth plates of long bones
Somatomedins
57
- produced by the thyroid gland - Required for normal growth hormone secretion - Increases metabolic activity
Thyroid hormone
58
- Produced by the pancreas | - Required for normal muscle growth & maintenance; stress of muscles on bones is required to stimulate growth
Insulin
59
Also causes blood glucose to move into tissues providing energy for growth processes
Insulin
60
Produced by the gonads ( overies or testes)
Sex steroids
61
- Stimulates spurts of growth in long bones | - Stimulates the fusion of the epiphyseal growth plates which will stop the increase in height at the end of puberty
Sex steriods
62
No break in the skin
Closed or simple
63
Open or compound
Broken bone sticks through skin
64
Fracture does not go completely through bone
Incomplete
65
Fracture goes all the way through bone
Complete
66
bone is not aligned properly
displaced
67
bone is fractured but still in alignment
Nondisplaced
68
Breaks a long bone across (perpendicular) to the long axis of the shaft
Transverse
69
Shatters the bone into many fragments
Comminuted
70
a spiral break in the bone caused by a twisting motion
spiral

A&P I (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions