Chapter 7 Flashcards
(57 cards)
learning-performance distinction
The difference between what has been learned and what is expressed in overt behaviour
habituation
a decrease in a behavioural response when a stimulus is presented repeatedly.
sensitization
The behavioural response to stimuli opposite to that seen with habitutation
introspection
People’s verbal reports of their own sensations, images, and feelings
Ivan Pavlov
classical conditioning model
John Watson
Behaviourism
B.F. Skinner
operant conditioning model
classical conditioning
A basic form of learning in which one stimulus predicts the occurrence of another
unconditioned stimulus (US)
any stimulus that naturally elicits a behaviour
unconditioned response (UR)
the behaviour elicited by the US
conditioned stimulus (CS)
A neutral stimulus that is able to elicit behaviour only after association with the US
conditioned response (CR)
the behaviour elicited to the CS (usually similar or related to original, unlearned one)
acquisition
The process by which the CR is first elicited and gradually increases in frequency over repeated trials
delay
CS is turned on prior to and stays on until the US presented
trace
CS is turned off before US presented
simultaneous
CS and US presented at the same time
backward
CS presented after UC
extinction
The weakening of a CR if the CS is no longer paired with the US
spontaneous recovery
The sudden reappearance of the CR after a rest period without further exposure to the US (extinction)
stimulus generalization
Automatic extension of conditioned responses to stimuli that are similar to the CS
stimulus discrimination
Learning to respond differently to stimuli that differ from the CS on some dimension
counterconditioning
process of pairing a CS with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response
systematic desensitization
a variation of counterconditioning later developed to treat phobias
What plays a central role in the conditioning of fear?
the amygdala because it contains glutamate receptors