Chapter 7 Keywords Flashcards Preview

A Biological Processes PM June 12th 2017 > Chapter 7 Keywords > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 7 Keywords Deck (27)
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1
Q

Rib cage

A

Semi rigid case within pressure can be lowered with respect to the air outside it

2
Q

Diaphagm

A

Broad dome sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thorax

3
Q

Thorax

A

Lined by the pleural membranes that surround the lungs

4
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Surround the lungs. The place between them is the pleural cavity which is usually filled with a thin layer of lubricating fluid so the membranes slide easy over each other as you breathe

5
Q

Spirometer

A

Commonly used to measure diff aspects of the lung vol or investigate breathing patterns

6
Q

Peak flow meter

A

Simple device that measures the rate air can be expelled from the lungs. People with asthma often use this to monitor how well their lungs are working. Useful and quick

7
Q

Vitalographs

A

More suave peak flow meters
Breath out as quick as you can through a mouth piece and instrument makes a graph of the amount of air breathed out and how quick.
Aka the forced expiratory vol in one second

8
Q

Tidal volume

A

Vol of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each resting breath
500cm3 in most adults at rest. Uses about 15% of vital capacity

9
Q

Vital capacity

A

Vol of air that can be breathed in when the strongest exhalation is followed by the deepest poss intake of breath

10
Q

Inspiratory reserve vol

A

Max vol of air you can breathe above and normal inhalation

11
Q

Expiratory reserve vol

A

Extra vol you can force out of your lungs over and above the normal tidal volume of air you breathe out

12
Q

Residual vol

A

Vol left in ur lungs when you have exhaled as strong as poss. Can’t be measured directly

13
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Vital plus residual

14
Q

Breathing rate

A

Number of breaths per minute

15
Q

Ventilation rate

A

Total vol of air inhaled in one minuets

16
Q

spiracles

A

small openings along the thorax and abdomen. air enters and leaves through here, but water is also lost.

open (when co2 build up and high o2 demand) and closed (when inactive) by spiracle sphincters that are kept closed as much as poss to minimise water loss

17
Q

tracheae

A

largest tubes
carry air into the body and lined by spirals of chitin

little gas exchange happens in the tracheae

18
Q

chitin

A

makes up the cuticle

relatively impermeable to gases so little gas exchange happens in the tracheae

19
Q

tracheoles

A

each one is a single elongated cell with no chitin lining.
freely permeable to gases
small so spread throughout the tissue of the insect running in between individual cells
where most of the gas exchange occurs between air and respiring cells
lots of tiny ones so a large SA for gas ex
towards the end is tracheal fluid

20
Q

tracheal fluid

A

fluid that limits the penetration of air for diffusion

21
Q

gill lamellae

A

habe rich blood supply
large SA
main site of gas ex

22
Q

gill plates

A

stacks of gill filaments

23
Q

gill filamentes

A

occur in large stacks. need a flow of water to keep em apart, exposing the large SA needed for gas ex

24
Q

afferent blood vessels

A

bring blood to the system

25
Q

operculum

A

protective flap that covers gills

26
Q

gill bony arch

A

supports the structure of the gills

27
Q

efferent blood vessel

A

carries blood leaving the gills in the opp direction to incoming water maintaining steep con grad