Chapter 7 Keywords

Question 1

Rib cage

Answer 1

Semi rigid case within pressure can be lowered with respect to the air outside it

Question 2

Diaphagm

Answer 2

Broad dome sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thorax

Question 3

Thorax

Answer 3

Lined by the pleural membranes that surround the lungs

Question 4

Pleural membrane

Answer 4

Surround the lungs. The place between them is the pleural cavity which is usually filled with a thin layer of lubricating fluid so the membranes slide easy over each other as you breathe

Question 5

Spirometer

Answer 5

Commonly used to measure diff aspects of the lung vol or investigate breathing patterns

Question 6

Peak flow meter

Answer 6

Simple device that measures the rate air can be expelled from the lungs. People with asthma often use this to monitor how well their lungs are working. Useful and quick

Question 7

Vitalographs

Answer 7

More suave peak flow meters
Breath out as quick as you can through a mouth piece and instrument makes a graph of the amount of air breathed out and how quick.
Aka the forced expiratory vol in one second

Question 8

Tidal volume

Answer 8

Vol of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each resting breath
500cm3 in most adults at rest. Uses about 15% of vital capacity

Question 9

Vital capacity

Answer 9

Vol of air that can be breathed in when the strongest exhalation is followed by the deepest poss intake of breath

Question 10

Inspiratory reserve vol

Answer 10

Max vol of air you can breathe above and normal inhalation

Question 11

Expiratory reserve vol

Answer 11

Extra vol you can force out of your lungs over and above the normal tidal volume of air you breathe out

Question 12

Residual vol

Answer 12

Vol left in ur lungs when you have exhaled as strong as poss. Can’t be measured directly

Question 13

Total lung capacity

Answer 13

Vital plus residual

Question 14

Breathing rate

Answer 14

Number of breaths per minute

Question 15

Ventilation rate

Answer 15

Total vol of air inhaled in one minuets

Question 16

spiracles

Answer 16

small openings along the thorax and abdomen. air enters and leaves through here, but water is also lost.

open (when co2 build up and high o2 demand) and closed (when inactive) by spiracle sphincters that are kept closed as much as poss to minimise water loss

Question 17

tracheae

Answer 17

largest tubes
carry air into the body and lined by spirals of chitin

little gas exchange happens in the tracheae

Question 18

chitin

Answer 18

makes up the cuticle

relatively impermeable to gases so little gas exchange happens in the tracheae

Question 19

tracheoles

Answer 19

each one is a single elongated cell with no chitin lining.
freely permeable to gases
small so spread throughout the tissue of the insect running in between individual cells
where most of the gas exchange occurs between air and respiring cells
lots of tiny ones so a large SA for gas ex
towards the end is tracheal fluid

Question 20

tracheal fluid

Answer 20

fluid that limits the penetration of air for diffusion

Question 21

gill lamellae

Answer 21

habe rich blood supply
large SA
main site of gas ex

Question 22

gill plates

Answer 22

stacks of gill filaments

Question 23

gill filamentes

Answer 23

occur in large stacks. need a flow of water to keep em apart, exposing the large SA needed for gas ex

Question 24

afferent blood vessels

Answer 24

bring blood to the system

Question 25

operculum

Answer 25

protective flap that covers gills

Question 26

gill bony arch

Answer 26

supports the structure of the gills

Question 27

efferent blood vessel

Answer 27

carries blood leaving the gills in the opp direction to incoming water maintaining steep con grad