Chapter 8

Question 0

Constructivist Theories of Learning

Answer 0

Theories that state learners must individually discover and transform complex information, checking new information against old rules and revising rules when they no longer work

Question 1

Cognitive Apprenticeships

Answer 1

the process by which a learner gradually acquires expertise through interaction with an expert, either an adult or an older or more advanced peer

Question 2

Cooperative Integrated reading and Composition (CIRC)

Answer 2

a comprehensive program for teaching reading and writing in the upper elementary grades; students work in four-member cooperative learning teams

Question 3

Cooperative Learning

Answer 3

instructional approach in which students work in small mixed-ability groups

Question 4

Cooperative scripting

Answer 4

a study method in which students work in pairs and take turns orally summarizing sections of material to be learned

Question 5

discovery learning

Answer 5

a constructivist approach to teaching in which students are encouraged to discover principles for themselves

Question 6

Group investigation

Answer 6

a cooperative learning model in which students work in small groups using cooperative inquiry, group discussion and cooperative planning and projects, afterward making presentations to the whole class on their finding

Question 7

Jigsaw

Answer 7

a cooperative learning model in which students are assigned to six-members teams to work on academic material that has been broken down into sections for each member

Question 8

Learning Together

Answer 8

a cooperative learning model in which students in four- or five-member heterogenous groups work together on assignments

Question 9

means-end analysis

Answer 9

a problem-solving technique that encourages identifying the goal (ends) to be attained, the current situation, and what needs to be done (means) to reduce the difference between the two conditions

Question 10

mediated learning

Answer 10

assisted learning; an approach in which the teacher guides instruction by means of scaffolding to help students master and internalize the skills that permit higher cognitive functioning

Question 11

Peer-Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS)

Answer 11

a structured cooperative learning method in which students work in pairs taking turns as teacher and learner, using specific metacognitive strategies.

Question 12

Problem Solving

Answer 12

the application of knowledge and skills to achieve certain goals

Question 13

Recipricol Teaching

Answer 13

a small-group teaching method based on principles of question generation; through instruction and modeling, teachers foster metacognitive skills primarily to improve the reading performance of students who have poor comprehension

Question 14

Self-Regulated Learners

Answer 14

Students who have knowledge of effective learning strategies and how and when to use them

Question 15

Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD)

Answer 15

a coop. learning method of mixed-ability groupings involving team recognition and group responsibility for individual learning.