Chapter 9 - Intelligence Flashcards
(37 cards)
What do adaptive skills consist of?
- conceptual skills = writing a letter, managing money
- social skills = making friends, coping with other demands
- practical skills = preparing meal, shopping
Define percentile score
indicates the percentage of people who score at or below one’s score
Who came up with the first intelligence testing that was used to ruled out mentally disabled youngsters and what was it called?
Binet & simon, Binet Intelligence Scale
Explain the Guildford’s model of mental ability.
There is about 150 distinct mental abilities categorized into Operations, Contents and Products
What type of intelligence testing did Terman come up with?
- He was inspired by the Binet Intelligence Scale
- He called it the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
- Came up with the idea of intelligence quotient
Who was the first man to based IQ scores on normal distribution?
Weschler
What is tested on in the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
Verbal comprehension
Working memory
Processing speed
Spatial/Perceptual reasoning
What is the Spearman’s G
That specific mental abilities (S1, S2, S3) were highly intercorrelated and share a common core called “g” or general mental ability
What is a Test Norm?
It provides information on where a score ranks in a psychological test in relation to other scores
Compare fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence = memory capacity, processing speed, reasoning ability
crystallized intelligence = applying acquired knowledge into problem solving
Who made the cornfield analogy and socioeconomic advantage theory
Kamin
What is intelligence disability?
subaverage mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills
Biologically speaking, what causes mental retardation
origins of mental disability might have something to do with organic syndromes.
So far 350 biological syndromes have been discovered but less than 25% of them are organic cause
what is the name of the disorder that is characterized by excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain?
Hydrocephaly
What is FRM 1
It can contribute to the production of FXS (Fragile X Syndrome)
- There is usually a mutation in FXS
- It inhibits control deficit which can lead to activation of neural connections irrelevant to the task the individual is introduced to
What is knowledge acquisition components?
- compare, encode and combine information
What is Phenylketonuria?
an inherited metabolic disorder that can cause mental retardation if not caught and treated early during infancy
What did Renzulli say about giftedness
That giftedness is not only about high IQ scores, or intelligences. It’s a combination of three factors: High Intelligence, High creativity, High motivation
What is drudge theory and who came up with it?
it states that you must work hard to achieve full potential in short practice your innate ability. It was brought up by Simmonton
Define Reaction Range
genetically determined limits on IQ
- it explains why people who have similar intelligence potential perform differently when it comes to actual intelligence (nurture vs nature)
Who thought intelligence was due to genetics?
Rushton, Jensen, Hurston & Murray
Who was focused on emotion?
Coleman
According to Gardner, IQ tests focus on verbal and mathematical intelligences and is leaving other important factors. What did he suggest to be evaluated in these intelligence tests?
1) Logical-mathematical = long chains of reasoning, finding number and patterns
2) Linguistic = understanding words, rhythm, sounds,
3) Music = understanding pitch, tone, rhythm, sounds, timbre
4) Spatial = perceptual, visual
5) Interpersonal = relating to others, knowing how to act on their moods, temperaments, motives
6) Intrapersonal = having strong knowledge about oneself
7) Bodily-kinesthetic = knowing your own body movement
8) Naturalist = being with nature
What is the socioeconomic advantage
- that living in a deprived environment affects one’s knowledge due to the lack of pressure to do well, access to good education system, malnutrition
