Chapter 9 Joints

Question 1

joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degree of movement. identify the correct order on basis of no movement- slight movement- freely movement

Answer 1

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

Question 2

the amphiarthrotic articulation that limits movements between the two pubic bones

Answer 2

pubic symphysis

Question 3

the type of synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket

Answer 3

gomphosis

Question 4

functions of the synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity

Answer 4

nourishes chondrocytes
provides lubrication
shock absorber

Question 5

the reason that elbow and knee are called hinge joints

Answer 5

they permit angular movement in a single plane

Question 6

the knee joint functions as a

Answer 6

hinge joint

Question 7

the joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body

Answer 7

shoulder joint

Question 8

body movements occur at joints where two bones connect

Answer 8

articulations

Question 9

based on range of motion of the joint

Answer 9

functional

Question 10

the anatomical observation of the joint

Answer 10

structural

Question 11

immovable joint

Answer 11

synarthrosis

Question 12

slightly movable joint

Answer 12

amphiarthrosis

Question 13

freely movable joint

Answer 13

diarthrosis

Question 14

4 structural classifications

Answer 14

bony
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 15

four types of synarthrotic joints

Answer 15

suture
gomphosis
synchondrosis
synostosis

Question 16

bones are interlocked, bound by dense fibrous connective tissue, found only in skull

Answer 16

suture

Question 17

fibrous connection, binds teeth to sockets

Answer 17

gomphosis

Question 18

is a rigid cartilaginous bridge between epiphyseal cartilage of long bones, and vertebrosternal ribs and sternum

Answer 18

synchondrosis

Question 19

fused bones, immovable, metabolic suture of skull, epiphyseal of long bones

Answer 19

synostosis

Question 20

more movable than synarthrosis, stronger than freely movable joint

Answer 20

amphiarthroses

Question 21

two types of amphiarthroses:

Answer 21

syndesmosis: bones connected by ligaments
symphysis: bones separated by fibrous cartilage

Question 22

movable joints, at ends of long bones, within articular capsules, lines with synovial membrane

Answer 22

synovial joints

Question 23

components of synovial joints:

Answer 23

articular cartilage
synovial fluid
accessory structures

Question 24

contains slippery proteoglycans secreted by fibroblasts

Answer 24

synovial fluid

Question 25

superficial to the joint capsule, protect articular cartilages

Answer 25

fat pads

Question 26

support and strengthens joints

Answer 26

ligaments

Question 27

ligaments with torn collagen fibers

Answer 27

sprain

Question 28

attach to muscles around joint, helps support joint

Answer 28

tendons

Question 29

pockets of synovial fluid, cushions areas where tendons or ligaments rub

Answer 29

bursae

Question 30

articulating surfaces forced out of position, damages articular cartilages, ligaments, joint capsules

Answer 30

dislocation

Question 31

a partial dislocation

Answer 31

subluxation

Question 32

types of dynamic motion

Answer 32

linear motion angular motion rotation

Question 33

planes of dynamic motion

Answer 33

monaxial biaxial triaxial

Question 34

two surfaces slide past each other, between carpal or tarsal bones

Answer 34

linear motion

Question 35

circular motion without rotation, angular motion

Answer 35

circumduction

Question 36

rotates toward axis (inward)

Answer 36

medial rotation

Question 37

rotates away from axis (outward)

Answer 37

lateral rotation

Question 38

classification of synovial joints by shape

Answer 38

``` gliding hinge pivot ellipsoid saddle ball-and-socket ```

Question 39

oval articular face with a depression, biaxial

Answer 39

ellipsoid joints

Question 40

two concave, straddled, biaxial

Answer 40

saddle joints

Question 41

rounded articular face in a depression, triaxial

Answer 41

ball-and-socket joints

Question 42

pads of fibrous cartilage, separate vertebral bodies

Answer 42

intervertebral discs

Question 43

tough outer layer, attaches disc to vertebrae

Answer 43

anulus fibrosus

Question 44

elastic gelatinous core, absorbs shock

Answer 44

nucleus puiposis

Question 45

connects anterior bodies

Answer 45

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 46

connects posterior bodies

Answer 46

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 47

connects laminae

Answer 47

ligamentum flavum

Question 48

connects spinous processes

Answer 48

interspinous ligament

Question 49

connects tips of spinous processes

Answer 49

supraspinous ligament

Question 50

continues supraspinous ligament

Answer 50

ligamentum nuchae

Question 51

shoulder ligaments

Answer 51

``` glenohumeral coracohumeral coraco-acromial coracoclavicular acromioclavicular ```

Question 52

deepens socket of glenoid cavity, fibrous cartilage lining, extends past the bone

Answer 52

glenoid labrum

Question 53

largest articulation, trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

Answer 53

humero-ulnar joint

Question 54

smaller articulation, capitulum of humerus and head of radius

Answer 54

humeroradial joint

Question 55

attached to radial tuberosity, controls elbow motion

Answer 55

radial tuberosity

Question 56

radial collateral, annular, ulnar collateral

Answer 56

elbow ligaments

Question 57

a pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems

Answer 57

rheumatism

Question 58

all forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilages of synovial joints

Answer 58

arthritis

Question 59

caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces, or genetic factor affecting collagen formation

Answer 59

osteoarthritis

Question 60

an inflammatory condition, caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune disease

Answer 60

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 61

occurs when crystals form within synovial fluid due to metabolic disorders

Answer 61

gouty arthritis