Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

a fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds

Answer 1

polyunsaturated

Question 2

when atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons

Answer 2

covalent bonds

Question 3

weak bond between polar molecules such as water

Answer 3

hydrogen

Question 4

smallest stable units of matter

Answer 4

atoms

Question 5

a side chain on an amino acid

Answer 5

R group

Question 6

a pH of 1 is found here in the body

Answer 6

stomach

Question 7

this molecule is the backbone of a triglyceride molecule

Answer 7

glycerol

Question 8

during ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions which carry a current called

Answer 8

electrolytes

Question 9

this number is the number of protons and neutrons

Answer 9

mass number

Question 10

the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by

Answer 10

electrons

Question 11

a polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose

Answer 11

glycogen

Question 12

if a substance has a pH that is greater than 7

Answer 12

alkaline

Question 13

isotopes of an element differ in the number of

Answer 13

neutrons

Question 14

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as

Answer 14

organic

Question 15

which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?

Answer 15

pH of 4

Question 16

substrate molecules bind to enzymes at

Answer 16

active sites

Question 17

bonds formed when on cations and anions attract one another

Answer 17

ionic

Question 18

radioisotopes have unstable

Answer 18

nuclei

Question 19

these molecules cushion organs, help insulate the body, provide 2x the energy as carbohydrates, and are needed for cell membrane production

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

neutral pH

Answer 20

7

Question 21

the most abundant high-energy compound in cells

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

an amino acid is to protein as _____ is to a nucleic acid

Answer 22

nucleotide

Question 23

responsible for much of the mass of the human body, had high heat capacity, dissolved many substances and is composed of polar hydrogen bonded molecules

Answer 23

water

Question 24

adenine and guanine are

Answer 24

purines

Question 25

the atomic number of an atom is determined by

Answer 25

number of protons it has

Question 26

oxygen is required in biological systems for

Answer 26

metabolism

Question 27

level of protein folding in which separate polypeptide subunits interact

Answer 27

quaternary

Question 28

according to the rules of complementary bases pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base ______

Answer 28

guanine

Question 29

the most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body

Answer 29

glucose

Question 30

the body's most readily available source of energy

Answer 30

carbohydrates

Question 31

the innermost electron shell in an atom holds up ___ electrons

Answer 31

two

Question 32

the alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of _____ protein structure

Answer 32

secondary

Question 33

chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be _______

Answer 33

exergonic

Question 34

-NH2

Answer 34

amine

Question 35

in this reaction, molecules lose water during synthesis

Answer 35

dehydration

Question 36

ions with a + charge are called

Answer 36

cation

Question 37

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called

Answer 37

isomers

Question 38

AB -> A + B is to decomposition as A + B -> AB is to ________

Answer 38

synthesis

Question 39

you would expect a peptide bond to link _______

Answer 39

amino acids

Question 40

proteins that function as biological catalysts

Answer 40

enzymes

Question 41

if a pair of electrons is unequally shared between to atoms, a _______ bond occurs

Answer 41

polar covalent bond

Question 42

three subatomic particles that are constituents of atoms

Answer 42

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 43

the protons of an atom are only found

Answer 43

in the nucleus

Question 44

the unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule of water is an example of

Answer 44

a polar covalent bond

Question 45

the presence of an appropriate enzyme affects only the

Answer 45

rate of a reaction

Question 46

organic catalysts made by a living cell to promote a specific reaction

Answer 46

enzymes

Question 47

the four major classes of organic compounds

Answer 47

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 48

absolute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH

Answer 48

acid

Question 49

a carbohydrate molecule is made up of

Answer 49

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 50

the lipids that function as chemical messengers coordinating local cellular activities

Answer 50

eicosanoids

Question 51

the lipids absorbed from food or synthesized in cells

Answer 51

fatty acids

Question 52

special proteins that speed up metabolic reactions

Answer 52

enzymes

Question 53

the three basic components of a single nucleotide of a nucleic acid

Answer 53

sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

Question 54

the most important high-energy compound found in human cells

Answer 54

ATP

Question 55

three components required to create the high-energy compound ATP

Answer 55

adenosine, phosphate groups, appropriate enzymes

Question 56

biochemical building blocks form functional units called

Answer 56

cells