Chapter 5 Review

Question 1

the layers of the epidermis beginning with the deepest layer and proceeding outwardly

Answer 1

germinativum
spinosum
granulosum
corneum

Question 2

layers of epidermis where mitotic divisions occur

Answer 2

germinativum and spinosum

Question 3

the epidermis consists of a

Answer 3

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

epidermal cells in the strata spinosum and germinativum function as a chemical factory in that they can convert

Answer 4

steroid precursors to vitamin D when exposed to sunlight

Question 5

differences in skin color between individuals reflect distinct

Answer 5

levels of melanin synthesis

Question 6

the basic factors interacting to produce skin color are

Answer 6

circulatory supple and pigment concentration and composition

Question 7

excessive exposure of the skin to UV radiation may cause redness, edema, blisters, and pain. the presence of blisters classifies the burn as

Answer 7

second degree

Question 8

when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, epidermal cells in the stratum germinativum convert a cholesterol related steroid into

Answer 8

vitamin D3

Question 9

the hormone essential for the normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine is

Answer 9

calcitrol

Question 10

the two major components of the dermis

Answer 10

papillary and reticular

Question 11

what the dermis contains to communicate with other organ systems

Answer 11

nerve fibers

Question 12

special smooth muscles in the dermis that produce goosebumps

Answer 12

arrector pili

Question 13

the primary tissues compromising the subcutaneous layer

Answer 13

areolar and adipose

Question 14

the reason the subcutaneous layer is useful for subcutaneous injection by hypodermic needle is that it has a

Answer 14

limited number of capillaries and no vital organs

Question 15

an important function of the subcutaneous layer is to

Answer 15

stabilize the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues

Question 16

hair production occurs in the

Answer 16

reticular layers of the dermis

Question 17

the natural factor responsible for varying shades of hair color

Answer 17

type of pigment present

Question 18

accessory structures of the skin include

Answer 18

hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 19

when the body temperature becomes high, thermoregulatory homeostasis is maintained by

Answer 19

an increase in sweat gland activity and blood flow to the skin

Question 20

nail production occurs at an epithelial fold not visible from the surface called

Answer 20

nail root

Question 21

hair turns gray or white due to

Answer 21

decreased melanocyte activity

Question 22

the primary interaction between the integumentary system and the digestive system

Answer 22

digestive synthesizes vitamin D3

Question 23

the first line of defense against an often hostile environment

Answer 23

epidermis

Question 24

layer where cells are flattened, densely packed, and filled with eleidin

Answer 24

stratum lucidum

Question 25

keratin would be found primarily in the

Answer 25

stratum coreum

Question 26

mobile macrophages that are a part of the immune system and found scattered among deeper cells of the epidermis

Answer 26

Langerhans cells

Question 27

peptide secreted by the pituitary gland which darkens the skin

Answer 27

MSH

Question 28

pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation before it can damage mitochondrial DNA

Answer 28

melanin

Question 29

bone development is abnormal and bone maintenance is inadequate if there is a dietary deficiency or a lack of skin production of

Answer 29

cholecalciferol

Question 30

stimulating synthetic activity and secretion by epithelial cells is among roles of

Answer 30

EGF

Question 31

type of tissue that compromises most of the dermis

Answer 31

connective

Question 32

subcutaneous layer is extensively interwoven with the connective tissue fibers of the

Answer 32

reticular layer

Question 33

the fine peach fuzz hairs found over much of the body surface

Answer 33

arrector pili

Question 34

hair develops from a group of epidermal cells at the base of a tube-like depression called

Answer 34

follicle

Question 35

variations in hair color reflect differences in structure and variations in the pigment produced by

Answer 35

melanocytes

Question 36

secretion that lubricates and inhibits the growth of bacteria on the skin

Answer 36

sebum

Question 37

glands in skin that become active when body temperature rises above the normal

Answer 37

eccrine glands

Question 38

sweat glands that communicate with hair follicles

Answer 38

apocrine

Question 39

the stratum corneum that covers the exposed nail closest to the root

Answer 39

eponychium

Question 40

during a sustained reduction in circulatory supply the skin takes on a bluish coloration called

Answer 40

cyanosis

Question 41

essential part of the healing process during which the edges of a wound are pulled closer together

Answer 41

contraction

Question 42

in older adults dry and scaly skin is a result of a decrease in

Answer 42

grandular activity

Question 43

system that stimulates contraction of arrector pili muscles to elevate hairs of the integument

Answer 43

nervous system

Question 44

two layers of the cutaneous membrane

Answer 44

outer epidermis | inner epidermis

Question 45

difference between thick and thin skin

Answer 45

stratum lucidum in thick skin

Question 46

thick skin has _____ layers and thin has ______ and is missing _______

Answer 46

5 | 4; stratum lucidum

Question 47

cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system

Answer 47

Langerhans cells

Question 48

function of pigment melanin

Answer 48

protects skin from UV

Question 49

function of sebaceous glands

Answer 49

produce sebum

Question 50

ABCDE of skin cancer

Answer 50

``` assymetry border color diameter evolving ```

Question 51

function of sebum

Answer 51

lubricate the epidermis

Question 52

function of ceruminous glands

Answer 52

earwax

Question 53

rockets is caused by

Answer 53

insufficient amount of D3

Question 54

abrasion

Answer 54

when bleeding occurs

Question 55

laceration

Answer 55

cut with jagged edges

Question 56

contusion

Answer 56

damage in blood vessels resulting in bruising

Question 57

dermatitis

Answer 57

inflammation of skin

Question 58

ulcer

Answer 58

sure that won't heal due to lack of O2

Question 59

nail body covers the

Answer 59

nail bed

Question 60

keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called

Answer 60

eponychium

Question 61

this makes goosebumps

Answer 61

arrector pili

Question 62

first degree burn

Answer 62

redness of skin

Question 63

second degree burn

Answer 63

blisters, dermis, damage, scarring

Question 64

third degree burn

Answer 64

into hypodermics and muscle bone, skin graph

Question 65

partial-thickness burn

Answer 65

1 or 2 degree burn

Question 66

full thickness burn means

Answer 66

3 degree burn, requires skin graph

Question 67

protein that permits stretching and recoiling of skin

Answer 67

elastin

Question 68

stretch marks occur with

Answer 68

weight gain or pregnancy

Question 69

result of large mass of collages fibers with few blood vessels

Answer 69

scar tissue

Question 70

wrinkles are caused by

Answer 70

loss of elastic fibers

Question 71

if the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed

Answer 71

hair will never grow back

Question 72

caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygenation, bluish skin tint

Answer 72

cyanosis

Question 73

buildup of bile produced by liver, yellow color

Answer 73

jaundice