chapter eleven

Question 1

war credits

Answer 1

the raising of taxes and loans to finance a war

Question 2

whe did russia join the great war

Answer 2

1914

Question 3

public response to going to war (at the start)

Answer 3

initially positive/popular
wave of anti german sentiment
strikes stopped
extremeists against the war were imprisoned for anti patriotism

Question 4

what happened to the duma due to the war

Answer 4

dissolved itself, did not want to burden the country with ‘unnecessary politics’

Question 5

what happened to st petersburg during war

Answer 5

changed name to petrograd as st petersburg was too germanic

Question 6

why did national solidarity start to fall

Answer 6

initial victories slowed down and realised this would not be a quick war

Question 7

battle of tannenburg

Answer 7

east prussia
august 1914
300,000 dead or wounded
thousands taken prisoner
weakened national spirit

Question 8

‘military zones’

Answer 8

set up by the star in july 1914
zones where martial law toook over and all civillian authority was supended
(opposed by the liberals)

Question 9

russias prohibition in 1914

Answer 9

didnt work/ignored
people just distilled their own so no change occurred and russia lost tax revenue form legal sales of vodka

Question 10

zemgor

Answer 10

june 1915
existing zemstva and multiple city dumas joined together to form ‘zemgor’
which was allowed to help the tsar but not have any direct influence
became liberal place to discuss discontent

Question 11

what weakened the perception of the Tsar during the war

Answer 11

becoming commander in cheif of the russian army and navy
did not possess the military experience to turn the war effort around
made him look more responsible for the varying disasters that befall his troops
was seen as abandoning russia/petrograd to go lose a war

Question 12

when did the tsar become commander in cheif of the russian army and navy

Answer 12

september 1915
due to defeats in galicia

Question 13

result of the tsar going off to war

Answer 13

rapsutin began to meddle in political appointments and policy decisions
rumours that the tsarina (who was german) was purposefully sabotaging the war effort

Question 14

why did liberals and socialists start demanding change in government structure

Answer 14

rasputins influence led to countless changes in ministries
with 3 or 4 changes occuring in some ministries withina. year of nicholas levaing

Question 15

rasputins murder

Answer 15

yusupov and purishkevich
17 december 1916

Question 16

what was in shortage by christmas 1914

Answer 16

serious shortages of munitions

Question 17

how many men did russia manage to mobilise during ww1

Answer 17

15 million
still wasnt enough

Question 18

how did russia mobilise so many men during ww1

Answer 18

mainly through the conscription of peasants

Question 19

examples of shortages of supplies in the war

Answer 19

1914- only 2 rifles for every 3 soldiers
1915- artillery shells rationed for soldiers
reliance on fallen soldiers equipment in early years
mostly solved over the quieter winter months of 1915 to 1916 to catch up with demand

Question 20

morale by the end of 1916 + how many desertations

Answer 20

plummeted within the army
1.5million desertions THAT YEAR

Question 21

spending on the war 1914-1917

Answer 21

1.5million roubles to 14.5million roubles

Question 22

production during ww1

Answer 22

production slumped
russias trade slowed massively
household goods production massively neglected
food shortages- especially in cities
unemployment increased
(led to increased hoarding)

Question 23

cost of living increase during ww1

Answer 23

300%

Question 24

strikes in moscow + petrograd as a result of cost of living increase in war

Answer 24

january 1917
30,000 in moscow
145,000 in petrograd

Question 25

what happened in petrograd on anniversary of bloody sunday january 1917

Answer 25

demonstration by 150000 workers

Question 26

events of february 1917

Answer 26

strikes in petrograd announcements of bread rationing - public outrage march on international womens day turns into chaos (no loss of life tho) over half of petrograds workforce striking nicholas ignores dumas warnings that the capital is in 'anarchy' tsar orders a military force restoration of petrograd instead mutiny occurs, soldiers begin to join protestors over officers duma hold meeting against tsars wishes and set up provisional committee

Question 27

mutiny/mutineers

Answer 27

due to high amount of conscripted peasants/workers in the army, they were reluctant to shoot the protestors who they sympathised with more than their officers

Question 28

what did the petrograd soviet agree on in their first charter, 'order n1'

Answer 28

all units to elect and agree political control of the petrograd soviet military commission of the duma to be obeyed all weapons to be controlled by elected soldiers committees instead of officers all soldiers enjoy full citizens rights when off duty no honourific titles for officers officers had to use the respectful pronoun of you when talking to soldiers

Question 29

what happened to nicholas after february 1917

Answer 29

never returned to petrograd due to rebellious railway workers diverting his train resigned under massive pressure him and his family placed under house arrest

Question 30

when did the tsar resign

Answer 30

march 2nd 1917

Question 31

who took control after the tsars resignation

Answer 31

alexei was next in line, with nicholas's brother acting as regent, and became tsar due to alexeis poor health however mikhail, nicholas's brother, refused so the romanov dynasty ended

Question 32

what government formed after the tsars resignation

Answer 32

dual power of provisional government and petrograd soviet

Question 33

provisional government

Answer 33

prince lvov in charge comprised mostly of liberals, moderate socialists, and kadets meant to be temporary accepted as legitimate by the tsars brothers blessing

Question 34

petrograd soviets

Answer 34

dominated by mensheviks and social revolutionaries and a small amount of bolsheviks members voted in by the st petersburg soviets

Question 35

alexander kerensky

Answer 35

member of both dual power institutions, able to help them work together and led to cooperation became chairman of provisional government in july 1917

Question 36

provisional governments promises

Answer 36

general amnesty for political prisoners basic civil liberties abolition of legal disabilities based on class, religion and nationaliy the right to organise trade unions and to strike that a constituent assembly would be elected

Question 37

public response to dual power

Answer 37

strikes and miliatry desertions continued peasants disturbances increased by july 1917 little support for provisional government due to poor living standards, and economic struggle

Question 38

economic issues under dual power (blamed on provisional government)

Answer 38

food supplies were chaotic/unpredictable real wages fell prices rising continuation of war failure to redistribute land in the countryside

Question 39

how much did prices increase by from 1914-october 1917

Answer 39

755%

Question 40

how much did prices increase by from 1914-january 1917

Answer 40

300%

Question 41

government failure to redstribute land for peasants resulted in....

Answer 41

peasants seizing land themselves