chapter seven

Question 1

who influenced nicholas ii’s belief that any failures in leadership were signs of weakness and cowardice

Answer 1

his tutor (pobedonostsev)

Question 2

black hundreds

Answer 2

nationalist gangs devoted to the ‘tsar church and motherland’ - supported by clergy, landowners and gov and plays role in the crushing of the 1905 revolution

Question 3

why was nicholas ii not popular with ethnic minorities from the beginning of his reign

Answer 3

his support of russification, black hundreds and commitment to the orthodox church

Question 4

what year did unrest in russia increase (1890s)

Answer 4

1894

Question 5

impact of increased unrest within russian universities

Answer 5

increased use of the okrana
led to more young people being expelled, exiled or drafted in the army

Question 6

what year did cossacks charge into a crowd of st petersburg students and killed 13

Answer 6

1901 (with an extra 1500 imprisoned)

Question 7

what were the years 1902-1907 known for

Answer 7

widespread disturbances in both towns and countryside
rural arson dramatically increased (many peasants would set fire to landlords barns/grain)

Question 8

which areas had the worst unrest

Answer 8

central russia due to the most traditional landlord peasant relationships

Question 9

who was tsar nicholas ii’s minister during this unrest and how did he deal with the disturbances

Answer 9

stolypin; dealt with unrest with ferocity which aggravated the situation even more
peasants were punished with flogging, arrests, exilement or shootings

Question 10

how many industrial strikes in 1894 versus 1904 in towns

Answer 10

17,000 vs 90,000

Question 11

date of bloody sunday

Answer 11

9 january 1905

Question 12

when did russia surrender to the japanense

Answer 12

20 december 1904

Question 13

what started bloody sunday

Answer 13

strikes started on the january 3rd 1905 and soon involved 150,000 workers striking
decision was made for a peaceful protest to be held at the winter palace

Question 14

what was the ambition of bloody sunday

Answer 14

demonstration of workers loyalty to the tsar but still wanting reform
asked for shorter work hours, and other workers!! reforms

Question 15

how did bloody sunday end

Answer 15

demonstration broken up by 12,000 troops and many died; sparked the outbreak of rebellion

Question 16

duma

Answer 16

an elected governing assembly

Question 17

what pressured nicholas ii to agree to meet the workers representative (february 1905) which ended in the creation of the dumas

Answer 17

the assassination of his uncle (grand duke sergei) by a socialist revolutionary bomb

Question 18

when did workers begin to form their own illegal trade unions

Answer 18

april 1905

Question 19

what was state of russia by october 1905

Answer 19

on the state of collapse; politically, economically and socially (peasant uprisings, strikes and demonstrations, demands of independence from minority groups like poles)

Question 20

soviet meaning

Answer 20

a council of workers

Question 21

what did the october manifesto include

Answer 21

constitutional reform; civic freedom, establishment of a state duma which could pass laws and be a voice to all classes

Question 22

date of october manifesto

Answer 22

17 october

Question 23

immediate reaction to october manifesto

Answer 23

general strike called off + division in the country of discontent and success

Question 24

longer term effects of the october manifesto

Answer 24

civic liberties were debatable with violence used to force the end of strike action and police brutality still rampant
pogroms still common
outbreaks of trouble from the countryside into 1907

Question 25

what 'rights' did the tsar have over the dumas

Answer 25

to veto legislation to rule by decree in an emergency/when duma was not in session to appoint and dismiss government ministers to dissolve the duma as he wished to control war, foreign relations, expenditure, orthodox church and the judicial system

Question 26

which duma was the first for bolsheviks to appear in

Answer 26

3rd duma (1907-12)

Question 27

first duma

Answer 27

may-july 1906 boycotted by partys on the left and right wing politically overwhelmingly radical-liberal highly critical of the tsar and his ministers tried to pass radical legislation and to force the tsars ministers to resign but was dissolved instead

Question 28

second duma

Answer 28

february-june 1907 number of left wing extremists increased as they stopped boycotting and became even more oppositional than the first stolypin created a story of the duma trying to assasinate the tsar to dissolve the second duma after they did not help with his agricultural plans led to a decrease in the weight of peasants, workers and national minorities votes

Question 29

third duma

Answer 29

november 1907- june 1912 agreed with 2200/2500 of government proposals; very agreeable as the tsarist regime became increasingly unpopular the duma became more confrontational and had to be suspended twice in 1911 and dissolved 1912

Question 30

fourth duma

Answer 30

1912-1917 very docile governing body stolypin (who had been against the last two dumas) had died new minister just ignored the duma and its influence declines with it being too divided to fight back the workers once again seized power through strikes and wwi started which led to the dumas dissolving

Question 31

when was stolypin assasinated

Answer 31

1911

Question 32

how was order restored in the countryside following 1905

Answer 32

stolypins reforms (20 year plan that he died before finished)

Question 33

how many people were assassinated by military ran courts (court martials) ran between 1906-1909

Answer 33

over 3,000

Question 34

why had political opposition temporarily been weakened by 1912

Answer 34

increased police activity and opposition disunity and organisation

Question 35

when did rasputin come to st petersburg

Answer 35

1903

Question 36

long term effects of bloody sunday

Answer 36

russia having modernised along western lines by 1914 introduction of dumas new economic policies (some influenced by stolypin)