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Flashcards in CHAPTER: Neuro Path Deck (27)
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1
Q

2 histo findings and where each are found for Alz - which correlates with the degree of dementia?

A
NF tangles = tau = intra-cell 
# tangles correlates with degree of dementia 
AB amyloid - plaques @ gray matter 
Complication amyloid angiopathy -> intracranial hemm
2
Q

What are Pick bodies? How does their location in the brain contribute to symptoms?

A

Pick = tau
@ frontal cortex = behavioral changes
@ temporal cortex = language changes (aphasia)
Can progress to dementia

3
Q

Presentation of Lewy body dementia

A

Dementia :

  1. Visual hallucinations
  2. Parkinson features (tremor) - once LBs infiltrate SN
4
Q

Presentation osmotic demyelination syndrome before it progresses to locked in syndrome

A
Acute paralysis
Change speech 
Diplopia
Lose consciousness 
Think PONS
5
Q

What happens if you correct HYPERna too fast?

A

Cerebral edema + herniation

6
Q

Presentation of MS

A
Sudden vision loss w/ blown pupils 
INP 
Hemiparesis / sensory loss
Bladder/bowel problems 
SIN:
Scanning speech
Intention tremor 
Nystagmus
7
Q

Dx MS labs + imaging

A

Labs: oligoclonal Ig in CSF + myelin basic protein (from demyelin)
Perventi spots on MRI separated in space + time

8
Q

You know GB presents with ascending paralysis - what are other presentations

A

↑ICP b/c ↑protein in CSF -> papilledema
Facial paralysis
Autonomic dysreg: ↑HR, ↓BP

9
Q

What CNS change might occur after chicken pox//measles infection or rabies//small pox vaccine

A

Peri-vent demyelin

Lesions all at 1 time (vs MS)

10
Q

Inheritance, problem and presentation of Charcot Marie Tooth disease

A

AD - can’t make proteins for myelin or peripheral nerves

  1. High arch foot
  2. LE weakness
11
Q

Inheritance, enzyme def, accum proteins of Krabbe

A

AR - lysosomal storage
X galactocerebrosidase
↑GC + psychosine = causes damage

12
Q

Symptoms + histo findings Krabbe

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Mental delay
Optic atrophy
Globoid cells on histo

13
Q

Inheritance, enzyme def, accum of proteins of MCLD

A

AR - lysosomal storage
X Aryl-sulfatase A
↑Sulfatides

14
Q

Symptoms of MCLD

A

Peripheral AND central demyelinaiton

Ataxia + dementia

15
Q

Inheritance adrenoleukodystrophy

A

XL - can’t breakdown very long chain FAs

16
Q

Most common origin partial seizures

A

Medial temporal lobe

17
Q

3 substances released that cause migraines

A

Sub P
Calcitonin gene related peptide - CGRP
Vasoactive peptides

18
Q

What’s the difference between trigeminal neuralgia vs cluster headaches?

A
Trigem = lasts seconds 
Cluster = mins/hrs
19
Q

Describe nystamgus of peripheral vs central vertigo

A
Peripheral = delayed horizontal 
Central = immediate nystagmus in any direction (brain stem or cerebellar lesion)
20
Q
Tumor syndrome that presents with
Hemangioblastomas in the brain + spine
Cavernous hemangiomas in skin/organs
Bilat RCC
Pheo
A

VHL - chr 3

21
Q
Disease + inheritance of: 
Cafe au lait 
Lisch nodules = iris hamartomas 
Cutaneous neurofibromas
Optic gliomas
Pheo
A

NF1- chr 17
AD w/ full penetrance but variable expression
Parent and child with same disorder but different symptoms

22
Q

Problem + symptoms of Sturge Weber

A

Somatic mutation - bad neural crest cells

  1. Port wine birth mark on V1/2 dist of face
  2. Angiomas in brain -> seizures
  3. ↑IOP -> early glaucoma
23
Q

Adult tumor that presents in frontal lobes

A

Oligodendroglioma

24
Q

Adult tumor with thin walled capillaries and little parenchyma in the middle

A

Hemangioblastoma - makes sense! Think VHL

25
Q

Which adult tumor is S100 +

A

Schwannoma

26
Q

Kid tumor that is HW rosettes and can cause drop mts

A

Medulloblastoma

27
Q

What kid tumor looks like germ cell tumors

A

Pinealoma