Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BioPsych > Chapter17 > Flashcards

Chapter17 Flashcards

1
Q

Principle of antithesis

A

opposite messages often signaled by opposite movements and postures. Aggression and fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

james-lange theory

A

First physiological theory of emotion. Emotion-inducing sensory stimuli are received and interpreted by the cortex, which triggers changes in the visceral organs via the autonomic nervous system and the skeletal muscles via the somatic nervous system.
Ex. Perception of bear creating physiological reactions leading to feeling of fear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cannon-bard theory

A

emotional stimuli have two independent excitatory effects: they excite both the feelings of emotion and the expression of an emotion in the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.
ex. perception of the bear leads to both the feeling of fear and physiological reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

decorticate

A

cortex has been removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sham rage

A

exaggerated, poorly directed aggressive responses because of decorticate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

limbic system

A

a collection of interconnected nuclei and tracts that borders the thalamus and is widely assumed to play a role in emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

syndrome

A

a pattern of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

kluver-bucy syndrome

A

the consumption of almost anything that is edible, increased sexual activity often directed at inappropriate objects, a tendency to repeatedly investigate familiar objects with the mouth, and a lack of fear (anterior temporal lobes removed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

amygdala

A

a structure that plays a major role in research on emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

polygraph

A

method of interrogation that employs autonomic nervous system indexes of emotion to infer the truthfulness of a person’s responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

control-question technique

A

physiological responses to the target question is compared to the physiological responses to control questions whose answers are known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

guilty-knowledge technique

A

a lie-detection method in which the polygraphed records autonomic nervous system responses to a list of control and crime-related information known only to the guilty person and the examiner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

primary facial expressions

A

surprise, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, and happiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

facial expressions influence our emotional experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

microexpressions

A

brief facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

facial muscle encircling the eye and pulls the skin from the check and forehead toward the eyeball. contracted during genuine smiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

zygomaticus major

A

facial muscle which pulls the lip corners up …. can be done voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fear

A

emotional reaction to threat. motivation force of defensive behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

defensive behaviors

A

behaviors whose primary function is to protect the organism from threat or harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

aggressive behaviors

A

behaviors whose primary function is to threaten or harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

alpha male

A

dominant male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

topography

A

form— researchers assumption of rat aggressive and defensive behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

target-site concept

A

the idea that aggressive and defensive behaviors of an animal are often designed to attack specific sites on the body of another animal while protecting specific sites on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fear conditioning

A

establishment of fear in response to a previously neutral stimulus by presenting it several times before delivery of an aversive stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
contextual fear conditioning
process by which contexts come to elicit fear through their association with fear inducing stimuli
26
hippocampus
plays a role in memory for spatial location
27
lateral nucleus of the amygdala
involved in the acquisition, storage, and expression of conditioned fear
28
prefrontal cortex
acts on the lateral nucleus of the amygdala to suppress conditioned fear
29
central nucleus of the amygdala
control defensive behaviors
30
mirror-like system
basis for human empathy
31
urbach-weithe disease
genetic disorder that often results in calcification of the amygdala and surrounding anterior medial temporal lobe structures in both hemispheres
32
calcification
hardening by conversion to calcium carbonate, the main component of bone
33
suppression paradigms
directed to inhibit emotional reactions to unpleasant films or pictures
34
reappraisal paradigms
instructed to reinterpret a picture to change their emotional reaction to it
35
right-hemisphere model
right hemisphere is specialized for all aspects of emotional processing, perception, expression, and experience of emotion
36
valence model
right-hemisphere is specialized for processing negative emotion and the left hemisphere is specialized for processing positive emotion
37
stress
a cluster of physiological changes when exposed to harm or threat
38
stressors
experiences that induce the stress response
39
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hormone released from the anterior pituitary during stressors
40
glucocorticoids
release triggered by ACTH and produce many components of the stress response
41
adrenal cortex
where glucocorticoids are released in times of stress
42
adrenal medulla
released increased amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine as a stress response
43
cytokines
a group of peptide hormones that are released by many cells and participate in a variety of physiological and immunological responses
44
conspecifics
members of the same species
45
subordination stress
when conspecific threat becomes an enduring life feature daily life
46
bullying
chronic social that that induces subordination stress in the members of many species
47
psychosomatic disorders
medical disordes in which psychological factors play a casual role
48
gastric ulcers
painful lesions to the lining of the stomach and duodenum. can be life-thretening in extreme cases
49
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of interactions among psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system
50
immune system
system that protects the body against infectious micro-organisms. innate immune system and adaptive immune system.
51
innate immune system
first component of the immune system to react
52
pathogens
disease-causeing agents
53
toll-like receptors
receptors found the the cell membrane of many cells of the innate immune system; trigger phagocytosis and inflammatory responses
54
inflammation
swelling
55
leukocytes
white blood cells
56
phagocytes
cells that engulf and destroy pathogens
57
phagocytosis
destruction of pathogens by phagocytes
58
adaptive immune system
the division of the immune system that mounts targeted attacks on foreign pathogens by binding to antigens in their cell body
59
lymphocytes
specialized leukocytes produced in bon marrow and the thalamus gland and are stored in the lymphatic system until they are activated
60
cell-mediated immunity
the immune reaction by which T cells destroy invading micro-organisms
61
T cells
T lymphocytes that bind to foreign micro-organisms and cells that contain them and, in doing so, destroy them
62
antibody-mediated immunity
the immune reaction by which B cells destroy invading micro-organisms
63
B cells
B lymphocytes that manufacture antibodies against antigens they encounter
64
antibodies
lethal receptor molecules. they bind to foreign antigens and destroy or deactivate the micro organisms that possess them
65
prophylactic
preventive
66
vaccination
administering a weakened form of a virus so that if the virus later invades, the adaptive immune system is prepared to act against it
67
immunization
creating immunity through vaccination
68
spandrel
a nonadaptive by-product of an adaptive evolutionary change
69
distress
stress that disrupts health or other aspects of functioning
70
eustress
stress that improves health or other aspects of functioning
71
epigenetic
"not of the genes" non genetic means by which traits are passed from parents to offspring
72
corticosterone
a major glucocorticoid
73
adrenalectomy
surgical removal of the adrenal gland

BioPsych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions