Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass; made of elements

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Substance that can’t be further broken down by chemical reaction

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

Question 4

Essential elements

Answer 4

Elements needed for an organism to live and reproduce

Question 5

Trace elements

Answer 5

Essential elements that are required in small amounts

Question 6

The four elements ___ make up ___ percent of the human body

Answer 6

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
96

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

Smallest particles of nature that cannot be divided and retain characteristics of an element

Question 8

Weight of neutron and proton

Answer 8

1 amu (atomic mass unit) or dalton

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

Number of protons in an atom of an element (subscript)

Question 10

1 dalton mass

Answer 10

1.67 ⋅ 10 ^ -24

Question 11

Mass number

Answer 11

Number of protons + neutrons in an atom of an element/isotope (superscript)

Question 12

Atomic mass

Answer 12

The relative mass of an element according to the frequency of it’s isotopes

Question 13

Isotope

Answer 13

Variations of an element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 14

Heavy elements

Answer 14

Elements with a large number of neutrons that make it unstable and often radioactive

Question 15

Radioactive isotope

Answer 15

Isotopes with too many or too few neutrons to maintain a stable nucleus and thus spontaneously release protons

Question 16

Radioactive dating

Answer 16

Using radioactive decay to measure age of elements

Question 17

Half life

Answer 17

50% of the time it takes for a parent isotope to decay into a daughter isotope

Question 18

Energy

Answer 18

The capacity to cause change

Question 19

Potential energy

Answer 19

Energy possessed due to position or structure

Question 20

Order of electron shells and number of electrons in each

Answer 20

K - 2
L - 8
M - 8

Question 21

3 fates of an excited electron

Answer 21

1. Fall down to original shell releasing same amount of energy as absorbed
2. Falls down to original shell passing energy to nearby atom
3. The electron is passed to another atom

Question 22

Resonance energy transfer

Answer 22

Excited electron falls down to original shell passing energy to nearby atom

Question 23

Compound

Answer 23

Combination of two or more different elements (not O2 or H2)

Question 24

Electronegativity

Answer 24

The ability for an atom to pull electrons towards it (relevant in covalent bonding)

Question 25

Polarity

Answer 25

Disproportionate electronegativities in a covalent bond that result in a structure with partial negatives and partial positives

Question 26

Hydrogen bond

Answer 26

Interaction of the partial positive charge of hydrogen and the partial negative charge of an atom in another molecule

Question 27

Van der Waals interactions

Answer 27

Random shifts of electrons that create positive and negative areas within molecules or atoms (dipoles)

Question 28

Chemical equilibrium

Answer 28

The point at which a reaction is stably moving forward and reverse at a fixed ratio (at times fully forward or fully reversed)

Question 29

Anything that takes up space and has mass; made of elements

Answer 29

Matter

Question 30

Substance that can't be further broken down by chemical reaction

Answer 30

Element

Question 31

Two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

Answer 31

Compound

Question 32

Elements needed for an organism to live and reproduce

Answer 32

Essential elements

Question 33

Essential elements that are required in small amounts

Answer 33

Trace elements

Question 34

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen 96

Answer 34

The four elements ___ make up ___ percent of the human body

Question 35

Smallest particles of nature that cannot be divided and retain characteristics of an element

Answer 35

Atom

Question 36

1 amu (atomic mass unit) or dalton

Answer 36

Weight of neutron and proton

Question 37

Number of protons in an atom of an element (subscript)

Answer 37

Atomic number

Question 38

1.67 ⋅ 10 ^ -24 g

Answer 38

1 dalton mass

Question 39

Number of protons + neutrons in an atom of an element/isotope (superscript)

Answer 39

Mass number

Question 40

The relative mass of an element according to the frequency of it's isotopes

Answer 40

Atomic mass

Question 41

Variations of an element with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 41

Isotope

Question 42

Elements with a large number of neutrons that make it unstable and often radioactive

Answer 42

Heavy elements

Question 43

Isotopes with too many or too few neutrons to maintain a stable nucleus and thus spontaneously release protons

Answer 43

Radioactive isotope

Question 44

Using radioactive decay to measure age of elements

Answer 44

Radioactive dating

Question 45

50% of the time it takes for a parent isotope to decay into a daughter isotope

Answer 45

Half life

Question 46

The capacity to cause change

Answer 46

Energy

Question 47

Energy possessed due to position or structure

Answer 47

Potential energy

Question 48

K - 2 L - 8 M - 8

Answer 48

Order of electron shells and number of electrons in each

Question 49

1. Fall down to original shell releasing same amount of energy as absorbed 2. Falls down to original shell passing energy to nearby atom 3. The electron is passed to another atom

Answer 49

3 fates of an excited electron

Question 50

Excited electron falls down to original shell passing energy to nearby atom

Answer 50

Resonance energy transfer

Question 51

Combination of two or more different elements (not O2 or H2)

Answer 51

Compound

Question 52

The ability for an atom to pull electrons towards it (relevant in covalent bonding)

Answer 52

Electronegativity

Question 53

Disproportionate electronegativities in a covalent bond that result in a structure with partial negatives and partial positives

Answer 53

Polarity

Question 54

Interaction of the partial positive charge of hydrogen and the partial negative charge of an atom in another molecule

Answer 54

Hydrogen bond

Question 55

Random shifts of electrons that create positive and negative areas within molecules or atoms (dipoles)

Answer 55

Van der Waals interactions

Question 56

The point at which a reaction is stably moving forward and reverse at a fixed ratio (at times fully forward or fully reversed)

Answer 56

Chemical equilibrium