Respiration and Fermentation

Question 1

Reason for organic molecule energy

Answer 1

Arrangement of electrons in bonds

Question 2

Catabolism linked to cell work by…

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

Phosphorylation of ADP

Answer 3

ADP + Pi → ATP + H₂O
Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 4

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 4

Enzymatic transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate to ADP to form ATP

Question 5

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

Use of H⁺ gradient across membrane (chemiosmosis) to attach an inorganic phosphate to ADP to make ATP
(Electron Transport and chemiosmosis)

Question 6

NAD⁺ function

Answer 6

Coenzyme
Oxidizing agent

Question 7

Dehydrogenase

Answer 7

Removes a pair of hydrogen atoms from substance and delivers two electrons and one proton to coenzyme NADH⁺

Question 8

Types of ATP operated cell work

Answer 8

Transport work
Mechanical work
Chemical work

Question 9

Transport work

Answer 9

Membrane pumps

Question 10

Mechanical work

Answer 10

Movement of substances via motor proteins

Question 11

CHEMICAL WORK

Answer 11

Product made from reactants

Question 12

Δ G for break down of glucose is

Answer 12

Negative, exergonic, and spontaneous, with products storing less energy than reactants

Question 13

Types of energy break down

Answer 13

Anaerobic respiration, fermentation, and cell respiration

Question 14

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 14

Anaerobic breakdown of organic compounds in the cytoplasm

Question 15

Anaerobic respiring prokaryotes

Answer 15

Have an electron transport chain without oxygen as the final electron receptor

Question 16

Fermentation function

Answer 16

Anaerobic partial breakdown of sugars starting with glycolysis without electron transport chain

Question 17

Fermentation inputs and outputs

Answer 17

Input 2 NAD⁺ + 2 ATP
Output ethanol or lactate and 4 ATP

Question 18

Fermentation location

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 19

Only perform fermentation and often find O₂ to be toxic

Question 20

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 20

Organism that makes ATP by cell respiration if O₂ is present but is also capable of fermentation in the absence of O₂

Question 21

Cell respiration

Answer 21

Aerobic respiration, breakdown of organic molecules to make ATP beginning in the cytoplasm and ending in the mitochondria
Has an ETC
Net 30-32 ATP produced per glucose

Question 22

Cellular respiration mirrors ____ reactions with the chemical equation…

Answer 22

Combustion
Organic Compounds + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

Question 23

Redox can be…

Answer 23

Partial or complete, both of which can release energy

Question 24

In cell respiration ____ is oxidized and ____ is reduced

Answer 24

Sugar
Oxygen

Question 25

Parts of cell respiration

Answer 25

Glycolysis Bridge Step (Pyruvate Oxidation) Krebs Cycle ETC and Chemiosmosis

Question 26

Net ATP production in glycolysis

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Glycolysis location

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

Net ATP production in krebs cycle

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Krebs cycle location

Answer 29

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 30

Net ATP production in ETC

Answer 30

26-28

Question 31

ETC location

Answer 31

Inner membrane of mitochondria Embedded proteins

Question 32

ETC structure

Answer 32

Protein complexes (I-IV) and prosthetic groups

Question 33

Prosthetic groups

Answer 33

Nonprotein cofactors and coenzymes essential for enzymatic function

Question 34

Ubiquinone (Q)

Answer 34

Non protein mobile member of ETC

Question 35

Cytochromes

Answer 35

Proteins in the ETC with heme prosthetic groups

Question 36

NADH and FADH₂ role in ETC

Answer 36

Source of electrons Oxidation of FADH₂ provides 1/3 less final energy than NADH

Question 37

Total ATP produced in cellular respiration

Answer 37

30-32

Question 38

ETC outputs

Answer 38

Water and energy from electrons

Question 39

ETC energy use

Answer 39

Pump H⁺ ions from matrix to intermembrane space creating an electrochemical gradient

Question 40

Proton motive force

Answer 40

Electrochemical gradient

Question 41

ATP synthase

Answer 41

Enzyme embedded in inner membrane that allows H⁺ ions to diffuse back into matrix Makes ATP using H⁺ ion diffusion

Question 42

ATP synthase structure

Answer 42

Cylindrical rotor attached to a rod extending into a knob portion containing catalytic sites located in the matrix Stator anchored in the membrane holds the knob stationary