Chemistry Powerpoint Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids
A
Accessory Chemical
2
Q
Accessory Chemicals include but are not limited to
A
Hardening compounds Preservative Powders Sealing agents Mold Preventative Agents Pack Application Agents
3
Q
Accessory Chemicals are anything not ________________
A
Arterially Injected and not cavity
4
Q
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment and the embalming fluid to be used
A
Modifying Agents
5
Q
Modifying Agents come how?
A
Pre-mixed in a bottle
6
Q
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
A
Supplemental Fluid
7
Q
Supplemental Fluids come generally fall into one of three categories
A
Pre-injection
Co-injection
Humectants/Restorative Fluids
8
Q
Supplemental fluids come how?
A
In a separate bottle
9
Q
What is Arrhenius’ definition of an Acid?
A
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in a/an water/aqeuous solution
10
Q
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an Acid?
A
A substance that donates a proton
11
Q
What is the Lewis definition of an Acid?
A
A substance that accepts a pair of electrons
12
Q
Dyes which aid in restoring a life-like surface pigmentation to a body and also stain the body tissue cells
A
Active Dyes
Staining Dyes
Cosmetic Dyes
13
Q
Are used to distinguish the difference between various chemicals
A
Passive Dyes
14
Q
Natural or synthetic that is used to impart a color to another material
A
Dye
15
Q
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
A
Adipocere (Grave Wax)
16
Q
Adipocere is the
A
End product
17
Q
What is the process leading to adipocere?
A
Saponification
18
Q
Thre reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerl and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)
A
Saponification
19
Q
Intravascular; the increase of viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels
A
Agglutination
20
Q
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde
A
Coagulation
21
Q
What is the general term for blood clots?
A
Congealing
22
Q
A protein found throughout the body and is highly susceptible to decomposition
A
Albumin
23
Q
Albumins are
A
Soluble
24
Q
Albuminoids are
A
Insoluble
25
Proteins that have been cross-linked by preservatives to become highly unsceptible to decomposition
Albuminoids
26
A saturated hydrocarbon
Alkane
27
A hydrocarbon that has no carbon-carbon multiple bonds
Alkane
28
Formerly called the paraffin series
Alkane
29
A hydrocarbon containing a double bond
Alkene
30
A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond
Alkyne
31
This is less dangerous than beta and Gamma radiation
Alpha Radiation
32
This is more dangerous than alpha radiation but less dangerous than gamma rays
Beta Radiation
33
This is more dangerous than Beta and Alpha radiation.
Gamma Radiation
34
Gamma radiation is a type of
Electromagnetic Radiation
35
A building up process
Anabolism
36
Breaking down process
Catabolism
37
The study of all the enzymatically controlled reactions in a living cell
Metabolism
38
Body temperature in life is
98.6
39
Directly after death, the body temperature _____
Rises
40
The immediate rising of body temperature after death is which process
Anabolism
41
The body temperature after death maxes out at about
100 degrees
42
The rise in temperature after death is also known as
Postmortem Caloricity
43
After maxing out at 100 degrees, the body temperature drops back down to 98.6, which is known as
Catabolism
44
After the completion of catabolism, the body temperature drops below 98.6, which is known as
Livor Mortis
45
Ingredient of embalming fluids that retards the natural postmortem tendency of blood to become more viscous or prevents adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals
Anticoagulant
46
Anticoagulants can be
Pre-injection or co-injection
47
Co-injections are injected when?
With the arterial fluid
48
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
Atom
49
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone
Molecule
50
An aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance
Molecule
51
What does an anticoagulant do?
Lubricates
Prevents clots
Attempts to break up clots
52
What do water conditioners do?
Lubricates
Prevents clots
Attempts to break up clots
Treats the minerals in the water
53
What kind of minerals are in the water that need to be treated by water conditioners?
Calcium and iron
54
The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number so that the columns of elements represent the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties
Periodic Table
55
The number of protons and neutrons added together
Atomic Mass
56
The total positive charge on a nucleus is determined by the number of protons. This is called the
Atomic Number
57
What gives the atom its identity
Atomic Number
58
What is the Arrhenius definition of a Base?
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
59
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a Base?
A substance that accepts a proton. An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor
60
According to Bronsted-Lowry, an acid is a
Proton donor
61
According to Bronsted-Lowry, a base is a
Proton Acceptor
62
What is the Lewis definition of a Base?
A substance that donates a pair of electrons
63
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportions by mass
Compound
64
A combination of two or more substances not chemically united and in no definite proportion by mass
Mixture
65
A homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
Solution
66
Occurs when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution which will cause it to shrink
Crenation
67
Occurs when a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution which causes the cell to burst
Hemolysis
68
Centi
1/100th
69
Centimer
1/100th of a meter
70
Deci
1/10th
71
Decimeter
1/10th of a meter
72
Milli
1/1000th
73
Millimeter
1/1000th of a meter
74
One in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed
Chemical Change
75
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical Change
76
Describe what kind of change Rigor Mortis is
Both a physical and chemical change - the best answer between the two is chemical change, but the ABSOLUTE best answer is a PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHANGE
77
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes
Decomposition
78
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
79
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria
Putrefaction
80
A red dye derived from the action of bromine of fluorescein
Eosin
81
Eosin is very commonly used in
Arterial Fluids
82
A common dye which is used to test for blood circulation
Fluorescein
83
When fluorescein is used to test blood circulation, where is it seen?
In the eye
84
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
Deodorants
Masking Agents
Perfuming Agents
85
Deodorants were HISTORICALLY called
Reodorants
86
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
87
Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extra vascular location
Diffusion Arterial Solution
88
Movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids
Diffusion Arterial Solution
89
The movement of embalming solutions from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries
Fluid Distribution
90
An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents but usually not bacterial spores
Disinfectant
91
The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body
Disinfection
92
The act of mixing two insoluble liquids
Emulsification
93
A mixture of two insoluble liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets
Emulsion
94
A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water which consists of 37% by weight, 40% by volume, and contains 7% methyl alcohol
Formalin
95
The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of solid to gram of liquid state at the melting point
Heat of Fusion
96
The amount of heat necessary to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous state at the boiling point
Heat of Vaporization
97
Water loving
Hydrophilic
98
Water fearing
Hydrophobic
99
Absorbing moisture readily
Hygroscopic
100
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 mL of solution
Index
101
Refers to a percentage
Index
102
All embalming fluids will contain some methanol. Why?
It is closely associated with the manufacture of formalin
It stabilizes formalin
Both a solvent and a germicide
103
What are the other names for methanol?
Methyl Alcohol
| Wood Alcohol
104
A solvent and a disinfectant in embalming fluid
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
105
Ethyl Alcohol is noted for its ability to
Dehydrate Tissue
106
When a word ends in oL, it means it is an
Alcohol
107
A neutral subatomic particle with a mass similar to that of a proton
Neutron
108
Where is a neutron normally found?
In the nucleus
109
A subatomic particle normally found in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
110
A proton has a relative mass number of
1
111
A proton has an electrical charge of
+1
112
A subatomic particle with a negative electrical and a mass that is 1/1,857 that of a proton
Electron
113
Electrons are found where?
Outside the nucleus of an atom
114
A deposit of an insoluble or very slightly soluble solid substance in solution
Precipitate
115
The linking together of monomers or basic chemical units to form a polymer
Polymerization
116
A polymer of formaldehyde that exists as a solid
Paraformaldehyde
117
Paraformaldehyde is almost
Pure Formaldehyde
118
Paraformaldehyde is insoluble, so it cannot be used in
Embalming fluids
119
Where is paraformaldehyde commonly used in?
Powdered preservative compositions such as hardening compounds and embalming powder
120
The measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
pH
121
0-6.9
acid
122
7
neutral
123
7.1-14
Basic
124
Primary stage of flaccidity is
7.4 - 7.0
125
Rigor
7.0 - 6.0 - 7.0
126
Secondary stage of flaccidity is
7.0 - 7.4
127
Putrefaction occurs at what pH?
8.0
128
an aromatic alcohol and is an excellent disinfectant
Phenol
129
Penetrates tissues very well and bleaches tissue where required such as surface discoloration
Phenol
130
Phenol is also known as
Carbolic Acid
131
Phenol is a derivitave of
Coal Tars
132
What is the standard used to evaluate the efficiency of other germicides?
Phenol
133
PC stands for
Phenol Coefficient
134
Phenol is both a
Disinfectant and Antiseptic
135
A technique invented by Dr. Gunter vin Hagens used to preserve bodies for anatomical studies
Plastination
136
Describe plastination
The embalmed body is placed into a solvent bath containing acetone and reactive polymers.
137
What does the vaccum remove in plastination?
Water, fatty tissues, and acetone
138
Pastination is a form of
Permanent preservation
139
What is the universal solvent
Water
140
A substance dissolved in solvent to form a solution; the component of a solution present in a lesser amount
Solute
141
A homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
Solution
142
The process of dissolving
Solvation
143
A substance which does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount
Solvent
144
Oven or appliance for sterilizing; an autoclave that disinfect by steam under pressure at temperatures above 100 degrees C
Sterilizers
145
Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms
Sterilization
146
Are written below and to the right of the number
Subscripts
147
What do subscripts represent
The definite proportion by mass
148
Are written above and to the right of the number
Superscripts
149
What do superscripts represent?
The oxidation number
150
The dissolving of a substance in alcohol
Tincture
151
OL
Alcohol
152
AL
Aldehyde
153
A gas, especially the gaseous form of a substance that at ordinary temperatures is a liquid or solid
Vapor
154
The physical change from a liquid into a gas
Vaporization
