China 1644-1820 Flashcards
Who were the Manchu Raiders?
They were threatening the ming dynasty to from the north. (northeastern region of modern china) They would eventually take over the Chinese capital of Beijing,. very disorganized and very divided. consisted of farmers, fishers, and hunters
Who was Wu Sangui?
He decided he would join the machus forces. he opened the great wall of china allowing the Manchus invaders to enter. this would start a new dynasty called the Qing (Manchu Dynasty)
who was nurchai?
He emerges from the Manchus’ as their leader who eventually unties them.
What did nurchai put together?
he put together a military banner system. he organized them into 4 companies while dispersing them so they could breakdown any loyalty they had
What were the policies and institutions of the Qing rulers?
they extended the Manchus’ military banner system to china. essentially creating a since of loyalty to china with reliable empirical troops. would cause a territorial expansion.
Who was the Kangxi Emperor?
very hardworking and intelligent ruler. took his rule seriously. respected historical scholarships. he was a miliatyar commander who was responsible for the revolt of the three feudatories.
What was the revolt of the three feudatories?
Vassals thought they were going to work independent of Kangxi. broke out in revolt thinking they could have their own influence on what parts they own. main opponent was Wu Sangui. Kangzi had won the revolt.
What lands did Chinese conquer?
Taiwan, outer Mongolia across the gobi desert, and Tibet
What was the treaty of Nerchinsk?
It was the first treaty china will sign with a western power. it was with the Russians. the Russians were expanding across Siberia and came across the Amur river valley, which is the site of the china’s northeastern frontier. tensions will rise between them, while Russia attempted to conduct raids into the Amur valley. however they worked out a treaty. Amur was given to china which would be the boundary between Siberia and Manchuria in china. Russia got to send trading caravans to Beijing.
What did Qianlong Emperor do?
He conducted military campaigns. china reached its widest territorial limits ever under his reign.
What revolts did the Qianlong emperor have to deal with?
he conquered Chinese turkestan. dealt with revolts from tibet & Taiwan. he was also dealt with Burma and Vietnam where they are a vassal state that recognized china as the superior power.
What was the consequence for all these revolts and expeditions under the qianlong emperor?
the enormous cost of these expeditions seriously depleted the Chinese treasury’s once healthy finances
What was the biggest export of China at this time?
Tea
Under qianlong’s rule, what city did he confine all trade to?
Guangzhou
Since Great Britain was trying get trading rights and establish diplomatic relationships with China in the capital of beijing, what did Great Britain do?
Launched Macartnery’s special mission to china. the head of this mission was Large George Macartney. he bought 90 wagon loads of presents to persuade to lessen British trading rights, but the Chinese overall rejected. the king at this time was George III. however, Britain who start to grow opium and develop it in india and sell it into china.
