The Age of Enlightenment Flashcards
What was the emphasis of on the Age of Enlightenment?
Reason
What was reason?
- This was the power by which to understand the universe and improve mankind’s
- Reason would enable humankind to create a definitive system of ethics, government, and aesthetics and acquire objective truth about the world
What was the Natural right or natural law?
government the rule of much of the democratic government. a law that distinguished right from wrong which done through the use of reason.
Who was John Locke?
He was the foundation of the idea of enlightenment and English political theorist. He made the two treatises of government.
What are the treaty of two treaties of government?
He argued that before government, people lived in the state of natural laws such as the right of liberty, property, and life. He also placed emphasis on the word property. He believed that people had trouble protecting property so people made a system to protect it. He also believed that government should also protect the natural right of citizens. They had the right to revolt if they didn’t feel that those rights were protected.
Who were the philosophers?
They lived in France and popularized the enlightenment ideas for common people to understand.
Who was Denis Diderot?
He wrote the most serious philosopher work, the encyclopedic
What was the Encyclopedic?
It had 17 volumes where it critiqued the rule of France. it included both government and catholic church.
Who were the three philosophers?
Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
a French philopsher who admired England because they were so close to there separation and balance of powers in the government. wrote the spirit of laws and the Persian letters
What were the spirit of laws?
it contained two important ideas: 1) climate and circumstance played a role in government selection. 2) separation and balance of powers in government
Who as Voltaire?
He wrote the age of Louis XIV that essentially gave attention to the arts and sciences. Also wrote the essay on the customs of spirits and nations and Candide . endorsed enlightened despotism
What was enlightened despotism?
an absolute form of government. did not care how powerful the government was long as they followed enlightenment rules. fought against sloth, had efficiency, promoted government, and kept clergymen as a subordinate person
Who was volitare’s best example of a enlightened ruler?
Fredrick II of Persia
What was Candide?
It ws a satirical literature that challenged the school of optimism. it said that Jesus was perfect and that human lives the best of both worlds.
