German Unification

Question 1

What was the Congress of Vienna?

Answer 1

It created the the confederation of German consisting of 39 independent states

Question 2

What was one important creation during the creation of the 39 independent states within Germany?

Answer 2

Zollverein, a German customs union under Prussian leadership

Question 3

What policies were under the Zollverein?

Answer 3

-instituted free trade throughout Prussia and territories of other member states
-by 1842 most German sates were members

Question 4

What was the exception to Zollverein?

Answer 4

Austria, it was under the Habsburg dynasty while purissa was under the Hohenzollern dynasty

Question 5

What was the Frankfurt Assembly?

Answer 5

produced a constitution for a united Germany that includes a hereditary emperor and a national parliament elected by secret ballot. it was to be a united Germany with no Austria.

Question 6

Who offered did the Frankfurt Assembly offer the crown to?

Answer 6

Prussian King Fredrick William IV, but he rejected the offer by saying he could not pick up the crown from the gutter

Question 7

what as nationalism:?

Answer 7

people who identified with other people through language and culture

Question 8

most powerful force in the modern era?

Answer 8

nationalism

Question 9

When his government was not cooperating, who he did he hire?

Answer 9

Otto von Bismarck

Question 10

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

Answer 10

Prussian chancellor who was decisive about German unification under Prussian world. created realpolitik: politics of reality

Question 11

What was realpolitik?

Answer 11

it divorced diplomacy from ethical consideration, involved willing to use any mean to advance of one’s country, used in relations to other countries and drive Germany under Prussian unification

Question 12

What does Otto von Bismarck believe in?

Answer 12

believed in military power strength and use of force, unification was due under blood & iron. gave him the name: blood and iron chancellor

Question 13

What happened with the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein in the German-Danish of War?

Answer 13

Ducies and Schleswig were independent states that had connections to Denmark. they wanted to incorporate one of the duchies into the kingdom of Denmark, but the German confederation would not allow them to do this. war breaks out

Question 14

What was the result of the German Danish war?

Answer 14

austria ganis control over holstein ad Prussia gains control of Schleswig

Question 15

What was the foundation of the Austro-Prussia?

Answer 15

Bismarck had plans to isolate, but then expressed concern about Astoria mishandling administrating Holstein, which he used to go to war with

Question 16

Who won the Battle of Sadowa

Answer 16

Prussia won the war

Question 17

What was the peace of Prague?

Answer 17

• German Confederation was dissolved
• austria was forced to recognize seperation from germany
• austria had to pay fincanial penalty to the persians
• bismarck treated austria gently

Question 18

What was the new north German confederation?

Answer 18

-A new north german confederation would form under prussia
- however 4 south germany states were not apart of it, especially
- Bismarck did not annex these state due to opposition from France, Napoleon III
- French did not want a united Germany, would reprsent a military threat to France

Question 19

What was the major issue causing the Franco-Prussian war?

Answer 19

Hohenzollern Candidature

Question 20

What was the Hohenzollern Candiature?

Answer 20

• Spanish thrown was empty
  
  • spanish thought the perfect candidate was Prince Leopold of hohenzollern
    
    • french saw this as a threat
    • French went it against it so much that the hohenzollern family rejected 3 times
• bismarck used this to start a war to french
  - told the hohenzollern to offer the crown for the 4th time
  - spanish accepted
  - french went back to protesting
  - William I later would declare that they would withdraw the acceptance
  - France wanted reassurance that no hohenzollern wanted to become king of Spain
  - this was represented to the William at EMS
  - Prussian king wasnt ready, and rejected that notion
  - this was sent to Bismarck where edited to make it out that the prussian king was much harsher than that to the french ambassador
  - EMS dispatch
  - this could cause France and Prussia to go to war
  - the 4 southern germany states would align with north german confederation to fight with prussia
  - germans crushed the french at the battle of sedan
  - cause the immediate collapse of napoleon III’s second empire

Question 21

What was the treaty of Frankfurt?

Answer 21

• ended the franco-prussian war
  -france had to seceed mineral rich provinces to alsace and lorraine to germany
• france had to pay a heavy war indemnity to the germans
• bismarck had achieved his goal of a united germany
  
  • known as the second germany empire