Chpt 15, & 16 Flashcards
(205 cards)
1
Q
Bones are composed of a type of connective tissue called ___
A
Osseous
2
Q
Bone of a fetus are mainly composed of?
A
Cartilage
3
Q
Large bone cells called _____ digest bone tissue to shape the bone and smooth it out.
A
Osteoclasts
4
Q
2 mineral substances needed for bone development are?
A
Calcium & Phosphorous
5
Q
Round, small bone covering the knee joint is a/an ?
A
Sesamoid
6
Q
Shaft of a long bone is the?
A
Diaphysis
7
Q
Ends of a long bone are the?
A
Epiphysis
8
Q
Cartilaginous area at the end of a long bond where growth takes place is the _____
A
Epiphyseal plate
9
Q
Red bone marrow is found in spongy or ______ bone.
A
Cancellous or trabecular
10
Q
Yellow bond marrow is compose of ______ tissue.
A
Fat
11
Q
The strong membrane surrounding the surface of a bone is the?
A
Periosteum
12
Q
Hard, dense bone tissue lying under the periosteum is ______.
A
Compact bone
13
Q
A series of canals containing blood vessels lie within the outer dense tissue of bone and are called the ______ canals.
A
Haversian
14
Q
A thin layer of cartilage covering the ends of bones at the joints is ______ .
A
Articular cartilage
15
Q
The ______ is a central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of long bones.
A
Medullary cavity
16
Q
Two physicians who treat bones and bone diseases are a/an ______ and a/an ______ .
A
Orthopedist & Osteopath
17
Q
A practitioner who manipulates the patient’s spinal column to relieve pressure on nerves is a/an ______
A
Chiropractor
18
Q
Medical doctor who specializes in restoring patients to function activity after injuries to bones, nerves, and muscles is a/an ______.
A
Physiatrist
19
Q
Space through which the spinal cord passes
A
Neural canal
20
Q
Piece of cartilage between 2 vertebrae
A
Intervertebral disc
21
Q
Posterior part of a vertebra
A
Vertebral arch
22
Q
Anterior part of a vertebra
A
Vertebral body
23
Q
Name the 5 divisions of the spinal column
A
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
24
Q
Upper arm bone
A
Humerus
25
Thigh bone
Femur
26
Finger bones
Phalanges
27
Forearm bone (little finger side)
Ulna
28
Forearm bone (thumb side)
Radius
29
Collar bone
Clavicle
30
Wrist bone
Carpals
31
Backbone
Vertebral column
32
3 parts of the pelvis
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
33
Mid-foot bones
Metatarsals
34
Foramen magnum
Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.
35
Acromion
Lateral extension of the scalpula
36
Xiphoid process
Lower portion of the sternum
37
Lamina
Portion of the vertebral arch
38
Malleolus
The bulge on either side of the ankle joint (lower end of the tibia is the medial malleolus and the lower end of the fibula is the lateral malleolus).
39
Acetabulum
Depression of the pelvis in which the femur bone fits.
40
Pubic symphysis
Area of convergence of the 2 pubic bones, at the midline
41
Olecranon
Bony process at the proximal end of the ulna; elbow joint
42
Fontanelle
Soft spot between the bones of the skill in an infant.
43
Mastoid process
Round process on the temporal bone behind the ear
44
Styloid process
Pole-like process projecting downward from the temporal bone.
45
Osteogenesis
Process of forming bone
46
Spondylosis
Abnormal condition of the vertebrae - degenerative changes in the spine
47
Ossification
Formation of bone
48
Removal of hand bones
Metacarpectomy
49
Poor bone development
Osteodystrophy
50
Removal of the lamina of the vertebral arch
Laminectomy
51
Myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow
52
Clubfoot
Talpes
53
Humpback
Kyphosis
54
Benign tumors arising from the bone surface
Exostoses
55
Brittle bone disease
Osteogenesis Imperfects
56
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine
57
Anterior curvature of the spine
Lordosis
58
Forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
Spondylolisthesis
59
Osteotome
Instrument to cut bone
60
Ewing sarcoma
Malignant tumor of bone in children -- often involving entire shaft of long bone
61
Metastatic bone lesion
Malignant tumor that has spread to bone from breast, kidney, lung or prostate
62
Compound fracture
Break in bone with wound in skin
63
Simple fracture
Break in bone without wound in skin
64
Ope reduction
Bone is put in proper place after incision of skin
65
Immoveable joint, as in the skull bones
Suture joint
66
Connective tissue that binds muscle to bone
Tendon
67
Another term for joint
Articulation
68
Connective tissue that binds bones to other bones
Ligaments
69
Bursa
Sac of fluid near a joint
70
Inflammation surrounding a joint
Periarthritis
71
Abnormal condition of blood in the joint
Hemarthrosis
72
Bursitis
Inflammation of a sac of fluid near the joint
73
Doctor who specialized in the treatment of joint disorders
Rheumatologist
74
Abnormal condition of a stiffened, immobile joint
Ankylosis
75
Suture of a tendon
Tenorrhaphy
76
An inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow normally because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation; type of dwarfism.
Achondroplasia
77
Degenerative joint disease; chronic inflammation of bones and joints
Osteoarthritis
78
Chronic joint disease; inflamed and painful joints owing to autoimmune reaction against normal joint tissue, and synovial membranes become swollen and thickened.
Reumatoid arthritis
79
Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia)
Gouty arthritis
80
Abnormal swelling of a metatarsophalangeal joint
Bunion
81
Cystic mass arising from a tendon in the wrist
Ganglion cyst
82
Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, especially of the spine (vertebrae)
Ankylosing spondylitis
83
Chronic inflammation disease not only affecting the joints but the skin (butterfly rash on the face), kidneys, heart, and lungs.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
84
Inflammation of a tendon sheath
Tendosynovitis
85
Compression of the median nerve in the wrist as it passes through an area between a ligament, tendons, bones, and connective tissue
Carpal tunnel syndrome
86
Displacement of a bone from its joint
dislocation
87
Subluxation (definition)
Partial or incomplete displacement of a bone from the joint
88
Arthrodesis (definition)
Surgical fixation of a joint (binding together by fusing the joint surfaces)
89
Pyrexia (definition)
Fever; increase in body temp
90
Podagra (definition)
Pain in a big toe from gouty arthritis
91
Sciatica
Pain radiating from the back to the leg (along the sciatic nerve); most commonly caused by a protruding intervertebral disk.
92
Herniation of an intervertebral disk
Protrusion of a disk into the neural canal or the spinal nerves
93
Laminectomy (definition)
Removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to relieve pressure from a protruding intervertebral disk.
94
Sprain
Traume to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments
95
Strain
overstretching of a muscle
96
Hyperuricemia (definition)
High levels of uric acid in the bloodstream; present in gouty arthritis.
97
Fascia (definition)
Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
98
Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
Origin
99
Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves
Insertion
100
Pronation (definition)
Turning the palm down
101
Leiomyosarcoma
Malignant tumor of smooth muscle
102
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Benign tumor of striated muscle
103
Muscular dystrophy
Group of inherited muscular diseases marked by the progressive weakness and degeneration of muscles without nerve involvement.
104
Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
Muscles degenerate (paralysis occurs) owing to degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain; Lou Gehrigs disease
105
Sarcopenia
Deficiency of flash (muscle mass)
106
ROM
Range of motion
107
EMG
Electromyography
108
THR
Total hip replacement (arthroplasty)
109
Bleeding disorders can lead to this accumulation of blood in and around a joint
Hemarthrosis
110
Inflammation of a bursa causes this abnormality
Bunion
111
Rheumatologists
Physicians (nonsurgical) who specialize in joint problems, such as arthritis.
112
Orthopedist
Physicians who treat (surgically and medically) bone, joint and muscle conditions.
113
Physiatrists
Medical doctors whose focus is on rehabilitation after injure or illness to muscles, bones and nerves.
114
-listhesis
Slipping
115
-physis
to grow
116
perone/o
fibula
117
Ewing sarcoma
Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children.
118
Exostosis
Bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone.
119
Open reduction
Incision made for access to the fracture site.
120
Osteogenic sarcoma (definition)
Common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents.
121
Osteomyelitis (definition)
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection. Bacteria enter the body through a wound and spread to the bone.
122
Osteoporosis (definition)
Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone.
123
Talipes
Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus). Clubfoot is the most common.
124
Bursae
Closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with synovial membrane and are lovated near byt not within a joint.
125
-desis
to bind/ tie together
126
-stenosis
narrowing
127
anklyosing spondylitis
Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening or joints, primarily of the spine.
128
gouty arthritis (gout)
Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body
129
Osteoarthritis (definition) (OA)
Progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone at articular surfaces.
130
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane.
131
Sprain
Trauma to ligaments without rupture
132
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
133
leiomy/o
smooth muscle
134
-asthenia
lack of strength
135
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle
136
Muscular dystrophy
Dystrophy = abnormal development
Group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.
137
arthrography
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.
138
bone density test (bone densitometry)
low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass.
139
Contagious parasitic infection with intense pruritis
scabies
140
Another word to rubeola
measles
141
thickened excess cicatrix (scar)
keloid
142
white patches on mucous membrane of tongue or inner cheek
leukoplakia
143
characterized by a rash
exanthematous
144
thickening of epidermis related to sunlight exposure
actinic keratosis
145
small pinpoint hemorrhages
petechiae
146
large blisters
bullae
147
hyperpigmented macule or papule of the skin (mole)
nevus
148
another word for wart
verruca
149
sac of fluid and hair over sacral region
pilonidal cyst
150
acute allergic reaction where hives develop
urticaria
151
describe a second degree burn
damage to epidermis and dermis with blisters, erythemia and hyperesthesia.
152
describe a first degree burn
damage to epidermis with erythemia and hyperesthesia, but no blisters.
153
describe a third degree burn
destruction of both dermis and epidermis and damage to subcutaneous layer.
154
Another word for rash
exanthem
155
another word for baldness
alopecia
156
another word for bedsore
decubitus ulcer
157
"black and blue" mark
ecchomosis
158
another word for itching
pruritus
159
dandruff
seborrheic dermatitis
160
How does pyoderma affect the skin
collection of pus in the skin
161
How does xerosis affect the skin
dry skin
162
How does leukoderma affect the skin
white patches of the skin
163
How does a callus affect the skin
increased growth of cells in the epidermal layer caused by pressure or friction
164
How does a keloid affect the skin
thickened, hypertrophies scar tissue
165
purulent means
puss-filled
166
A surgical procedure to core out a disk of skin for microscopic analysis is a/an
punch biopsy
167
The procedure in which thin layers of a malignant growth are removed and each is examined under the microscope is ______
Mohs surgery
168
A type of skin cancer associated with AIDS and marked by dark blue-purple lesions over this skin is ______
Kaposi sarcoma
169
Abnormla, premalignant moles are ______
dysplastic nevi
170
Removal of skin tissue using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin is called a/an ______
shave biopsy
171
Destruction of tissue using intensely cold temperatures is ______
cryosurgery
172
Scraping away skin to remove acne scars and fine wrinkles on the skin is ______
dermabrasion
173
Removal of subcutaneous fat tissue by aspiration is ______
liposuction
174
Destruction of tissue using an electric spark is ______
electrodesication
175
Use of a sharp, spoon-like instrument to scrape away tissue is ______
curettage
176
an inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and the legs fail to grow normally because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation; type for dwarfism
achondroplasia
177
inflammation of a tendon sheath
tenosynovitis
178
subluxation
partial or incomplete displacement of a bone from the joint
179
sciatica
pain radiating from the back to the the leg (along the sciatic nerve). Usually caused by a protruding intervertebral disk
180
articul/o
joint
181
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
182
-physis
to grow
183
-porosis
pore/ passage
184
The half-moon-shaped white area at the base of the nail is the ______
lunula
185
deepest region of the epidermis
basal layer
186
the outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells, is the ______
stratum corneum
187
inflammation and swelling of soft tissue around a nail is ______
paronychia
188
2 words for fungal infection of hands at feet
dermatophytosis & dermatomycosis
189
burning sensation (pain) in skin ___
causalgia
190
abnormal condition of excessive hair growth
hypertrichosis
191
squam/o
scale-like
192
pruritis
itching
193
actinic keratosis
thickening of epidermis related to sunlight exposure
194
vitiligo
loss of pigment in the skin
195
-ose
pertaining to/ full of
196
-plakia
plaques
197
vitiligo
loss of pigmentation in the skin
198
-ose
pertaining to/ full of
199
-plakia
plaques
200
poli/o
grey
201
lute/o
yellow
202
eosin/o
rosy
203
cyan/o
blue
204
anthrac/o
black as coal
205
cirrh/o
tawny yellow
