Growths that form projections extending outward from a base - risk of becoming malignant - 2 types: sessile and pedunculated

- type of polypoid tumor - extend from a BROAD BASE

- type of polypoid tumor - extend from a STEM or STALK

Chpt 19 Flashcards by Stephanie Pudalov

neoplasm

new growth

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Benign tumors grow (fast/slow)

slow

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Malignant tumors grow (fast/slow)

fast

-multiply rapidly

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cystic tumors

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

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fungating tumors

Mushrooming pattern of growth in which tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface

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inflammatory tumors

Having the features of inflammation – that is, redness, swelling and heat
-result from the tumor blocking lymphatic drainage.

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medullary tumors

Large, soft, fleshy tumors

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necrotic tumors

containing dead tissue

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polypoid tumor

Growths that form projections extending outward from a base

risk of becoming malignant
2 types: sessile and pedunculated

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sessile tumor

type of polypoid tumor

- extend from a BROAD BASE

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pedunculated tumor

type of polypoid tumor

- extend from a STEM or STALK

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ulcerating tumor

Characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

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verrucous tumor

Resembling a wart-like growth

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alveolar (microscopic description)

Tumor cells form patterns resembling small sacs

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carcinoma in situ

Referring to LOCALIZED tumor cells that have no invaded adj structures

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diffuse

spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue

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dysplastic

Containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous
-ex dysplastic nevi (moles)

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epidermoid

Resembling squamous epithelial cells

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follicular

Forming small glandular sacs

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papillary

Forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells

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pleomorphic

Composed of a variety of types of cells

-many shapes

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scirrhous

Densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue

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undifferentiated

Lacking microscopic structures typical of normal mature cells

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Tumor-node metastasis (TNM)

international staging system

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alopecia

- side effect of radiotherapy - baldness - may be permanent or temporary

fibrosis

- side effect of radiotherapy | - incr in connective tissue in normal tissues

alveol/o

small sac

Mucositis

- side effect of radiotherapy | - inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes

Myelosuppression

- side effect of radiotherapy | - bone marrow depression -- anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Pneumonitis

- side effect of radiotherapy | - inflammation of the lungs

cac/o

bad

-hexia

state or condition

cachexia

bad state/condition

carcin/o

cancer, cancerous

cauter/o

burn, heat

chem/o

chemical, drug

cry/o

cold

cyst/o

sac of fluid

fibr/o

fibers

follicul/o

small glandular sacs

fung/i

fungus, mushroom

medull/o

soft, inner part

mucos/o

mucous membrane

mut/a

genetic change

-tion

process

mutation

process of genetic change

mutagen/o

causing genetic change

necr/o

death

neur/o

nerve

onc/o

tumor

papill/o

nipple-like

plas/o

formation

ple/o

many, more

pleomorphic

pertaining to many shapes

polyp/o

polyp

prot/o

first

-oid

resembling

-col

glued page

radi/o

rays

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

scirrh/o

hard

xer/o

dry

-blastoma

immature tumor

-genesis

formation

-oma

mass, tumor

-plasia

growth, formation | *also plasm

-plasm

growth, formation | *also -plasia

-supression

to stop

-therapy

treatment

ana-

backward

apo-

off, away

brachy-

short (distance)

epi-

upon

meta-

beyond, change

tele-

far

AFP

alpha-feto protein

BMT

bone marrow transplantation

biopsy

cancer

CEA

carcinoembryonic antigen

chemo

chemotherapy

CSF

colony-stimulating factor

DES

diethylstilbestrol

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

EDFR

epidermal growth factor receptor

estrogen receptor

EPO

erythropoietin

GIST

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

H&E

hematoxylin and eosin

HNPCC

hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer

IHC

immunohistochemistry

NED

no evidence of disease

NHL

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Pap smear

Papanicolaou smear

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

radiation therapy

TNM

tumor-nodes-metastases

XRT

radiation therapy

Which tumor develops from a dysplastic nevi

melanoma

Which tumor arises from an organ located within the mediastinum?

thymoma

Which tumor arises from an organ in the RUQ of the abdomen?

hepatoma

Which tumor has types called astrocytoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma multiforme?

glioma

Which tumor is also known as renal cell carcinoma?

hypernephroma

Which tumor is characterized by large numbers of plasma cells (bone marrow antibody-producing cells)?

multiple myeloma

Which tumor arises from membrane cells surrounding the lungs?

mesothelioma

Which tumor has a type known as Hodgkin disease?

lymphoma

small nipple-like projections

papillary

abnormal formation of cells

dysplastic

localized growth of cells

carcinoma in situ

densely packed; containing fibrous tissue

sscirrhous

pattern resembling small, microscopic sacs

alveolar

small, round, gland-type clusters

follicular

variety of cell types

pleomorphic

lacking structures typical of mature cells

undifferentiated

spreading evenly throughout the tissue

diffuse

resembling epithelial cells

epidermoid

containing dead tissue

necrotic

mushrooming pattern of growth: tumor cells pole on top of each other

fungating

characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces

ulcerating

characterized by redness, swelling, and heat

inflammatory

growths and projections from a base; sessile and pedunculated tumors are examples

polypoid

tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid; serous and mucinous tumors are examples

cystic

tumors resemble wart-like growths

verrucous

tumors are large, soft and fleshy

medullary

Ulceration of lining cells in the mouth caused by radiation to the jaw

oral mucositis

Radiation to the lungs causes inflammation of the lungs

pneumonitis

Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer causes loss of hair on the head

alopecia

Bone marrow destruction with leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia

myelosupression

Radiation to the lungs causes incr in connective tissue

fibrosis

Radiation of salivary glands causes dryness of mouth

xerostomia

New type of growths arise at a site separate from the primary tumor

secondary tumors

Pauline was diagnosed with a meningioma, which is usually a/an (benign, anaplastic, necrotic) tumor. The dr told her that it was not malignant, but that it should be removed bc of the pressure it was causing on the surrounding tissues.

benign

Marlene underwent surgical resection of her breast mass. Dr. Smith recommended (defifferentiated, modality, adjuvant) therapy bc her tumor was large and she had one positive lymph node.

adjuvant

Mr. Elder had difficulty urinating and had an elevated PSA test. Dr. Jones examined him and found a hard prostate gland. (Laparoscopy, Electrocauterization, Biopsy) demonstrated adenocarcinoma

biopsy

During the days following her chemo, Doris experienced loss of appetite (fibrosis, nausea, xerostomia). Blood tests revealed low levels of blood cells, indicating (hematopoiesis, myeloma, myelosuppression). Her physician prescribed (EPO, VEGF, DES) for anemia and (Ca, cGy, G-CSF) for leukopenia

- nausea - myelosuppression - EPO - G-CSF

After Mr. Smith was diagnosed with lung cancer, his tumor was staged IIIA (T1N0M0, T3N0M0, T1-3N2M0). This indicated findings of (tumor

T1-3N2M0 | -tumor with involvement of ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes but no metastases

Mr. Smith's dr told him he needed (CA-125, XRT, PSA) bc his tumor was nonoperable and could not be (resected, irradiated, electrocauterized).

- XRT | - resected

Chpt 19 Flashcards

(138 cards)