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Medical Terminology > Chpt 5,6,7 > Flashcards

Chpt 5,6,7 Flashcards

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1
Q

an/o

A

anus

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2
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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3
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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4
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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5
Q

celi/o

A

belly, abdomen

*also abdomin/o and lapar/o

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6
Q

peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

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7
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

*also labi/o

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8
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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9
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

*also bili/o

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10
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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11
Q

col/o

A

colon

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12
Q

-stomy

A

new opening

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13
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

*also odont/o

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14
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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15
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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16
Q

enter/o

A

small intestines

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17
Q

parenteral

A

par (from para-) = apart

pertaining to apart from the intestines

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18
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition

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19
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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20
Q

fasci/o

A

face

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21
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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22
Q

gingivo/o

A

gums

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23
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

*also lingu/o

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24
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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25
ile/o
ileum
26
jejun/o
jejunum
27
labi/o
lip | *also cheil/o
28
lapar/o
abdomen | *also abdomin/o and celi/o
29
lingu/o
tongue | *also gloss/o
30
mandibul/o
mandible
31
endodontist
performs root canal therapy
32
periodontist
one who specializes in around the tooth (gums)
33
or/o
mouth
34
palat/o
palate
35
pancreat/o
pancreas
36
peritone/o
peritoneum
37
pharyng/o
throat
38
proct/o
anus and rectum
39
pylor/o
pyloric sphinctor
40
rect/o
rectum
41
sialaden/o
salivary gland
42
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
43
stomat/o
mouth
44
uvul/o
uvula
45
amyl/o
starch
46
bil/i
gall, bile | *also chol/e
47
bilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
48
lith/o
stone
49
-ase
enzyme
50
-iasis
abnormal condition
51
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
52
gluc/o
sugar | *also glyc/o
53
glyc/o
sugar | *also gluc/o
54
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
55
lip/o
fat, lipid | *also steat/o
56
prote/o
protein
57
py/o
pus
58
sial/o
saliva, salivary
59
steat/o
fat | *also lip/o
60
-chezia
defecation
61
-prandial
meal
62
anorexia
loss of appetite
63
-on
functional unit
64
ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
65
borborygmus
Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract
66
dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
67
eructation
Burping- gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
68
flatus
gas expelled through the anus
69
hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum. | -BRBPR comes from this
70
jaundice (icterus)
Yellow coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
71
melena | -What is stool guaiac testing?
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood - results from bleeding in the upper GI and blood is digested - Stool guaiac testing detects blood in the stool
72
steatorrhea
Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter.
73
aphthous stomatitis
aphthous = ulcers stomatitis = inflammation of the mouth -Inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers -Ulcers called canker sores
74
dental caries
tooth decay
75
herpetic stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus. -called fever blisters or cold sores
76
oral leukoplakia
- white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth | - pre cancerous lesion, can be malignant
77
periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
78
achalasia
a = no chalasia = relaxation -failure to lower the esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
79
esophageal varices
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus. -caused by incr pressure in veins near liver (portal hypertension) due to liver disease (usually do to alcohol- cirrhosis)
80
gastroesophageal reflex disease (GERD)
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach | -leads to esophageal cancer
81
hernia | what are the 3 types
protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it. 1-hiatal 2-inguinal 3-umbilius
82
hiatal hernia
occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm -can lead to GERD
83
Inguinal hernia
occurs when a small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal wall tissue (fascia) surrounding muscles.
84
peptic ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
85
anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus | -often results from a break (fissure) in the wall of the anus or rectum or from an abscess (infected area)
86
colonic polyps
Polyps (benign growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
87
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon, rectum or both
88
Crohn disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal bowel (more small bowel)
89
diverticulosis
abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon.
90
diverticulitis
complication of diverticulosis, when fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula. -pain and rectal bleeding are symptoms
91
dysentery
Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacteria
92
hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted veins in the anus
93
ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
94
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation of the colon and small intestines
95
intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines | -one segment of bowel collapses into the opening of another segment
96
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in the intestines
97
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
98
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself | -get get necrosis
99
cholelithiasis
Abnormal condition of gallstones in the gallbladder
100
pancreatoduodenectomy/ whipple procedure
Standard surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer | -remove duodenum and pancreas
101
viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
102
first part of the large intestine
cecum
103
second part of the small intestine
jejunum
104
3rd part of the small intestine
ileum
105
large organ in ROQ; secretes bile, stores sugar, produces blood proteins
liver
106
lowest part of the colon
sigmoid
107
first part of the small intestine
duodenum
108
organ under the stomach; produces insulin and digestive enzymes
pancreas
109
removal of a salivary gland
sialadenectomy
110
hernia of the rectum
rectocele
111
after meals
post prandial
112
study of the cause (of disease)
etiology
113
pertaining to teeth and cheek
dentibuccal
114
disease condition of the small intestine
enteropathy
115
new opening bw the common bile duct and the jejunum
cholecdochojejunostomy
116
new opening from the colon to the outside of the body
colostomy
117
inflammation of the large intestine
colitis
118
inflammation of the passageway from the throat to the stomach
esophagitis
119
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the abdomen
peritonitis
120
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
121
inflammation of the third part of the small intestine
ileitis
122
inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
123
inflammation of the small and large intestines
enterocolitis
124
high level of blood sugar
hyperglycemia
125
inflammation of the lip
cheilitis
126
pertaining to administrations of meds and fluid other than by mouth
parenteral
127
mucous membrane
mucosa
128
expulsion of feces from the body through the anus
defecation
129
breakdown (conversion) of starch to sugar
glycogenolysis
130
fan-like membrane that connects the small intestine to the abdominal wall
mesentery
131
large vessel that takes blood to the liver from the intestines
portal vein
132
new surgical connection bw structures or organs
anastomosis
133
pertaining to bile ducts
biliary
134
process of forming new sugar from proteins and fats
gluconeogenesis
135
high levels of bile pigment in the bloodstream
hyperbilirubinemia
136
passage of bright red blood from the rectum
hematochezia
137
lack of appetite
anorexia
138
fat in the feces
steatorrhea
139
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
melena
140
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
141
rumbling noise produced by gas in the GI tract
borborygmus
142
gas expelled through the anus
flatus
143
loose, watery stool
diarrhea
144
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
145
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
eructation
146
Mr. Jones, a smoker and heavy drinker, complained of dysphagia in recent months. A longstanding condition of Barrett esophagus resulted in his malignant condition. Diagnosis?
Esophageal cancer
147
Abnormal tube-like passageway near his anus caused Mr. Rosen's proctalgia. His doctor performed surgery to close off this abnormality. Diagnosis?
Anal fistula
148
Carols dentist informed her that the enamel of three teeth was damaged by bacteria-producing acid. Diagnosis?
Dental caries
149
Paola's symptoms of chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever led her dr to suspect that she suffered from an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the distal portion of her ileum. The Dr. prescribed steroid drugs to heal her condition. Diagnosis?
Cronhs disease (Crohn's)
150
During a routine dental checkup, Dr. Friedman discovered white plaques on Mr. Longo's buccal mucosa. He advised Mr. Longo, who was a chronic smoker and heavy drinker, to have these precancerous lesions removed. Diagnosis?
Oral leukoplakia
151
Every time Carl had a stressed time at work, he developed a fever blister (cold sore) on his lip, resulting from reactivation of a previous viral infection. His doctor told him that there was no treatment 100% effective in preventing the reappearance of these lesions. Diagnosis?
Herpetic stomatitis
152
Mr. Green had a biopsy of a neoplastic lesion in his descending colon. The pathology report indicated a malignancy. A partial colectomy was necessary. Diagnosis?
Colorectal cancer
153
``` Small ulcers (canker sores) appeared on Diane's gums. They were painful and annoying. Diagnosis? ```
aphthous stomatitis
154
Sharon's failure to floss her teeth and remove dental plaque regularly led to the development of gingivitis and pyorrhea. Her dentist advised consulting a specialist who could treat her condition. Diagnosis?
Periodontal disease
155
Imaging test revealed a tumor in a section of Mr. Smith's pancreas. His physician told him that since it had not spread, he could hope for a cure with surgery. He had a pancreatoduodenectomy (whipple procedure), which was successful. Diagnosis?
Pancreatic cancer
156
Mr. Clark complained of pain during swallowing. His physician explained that the pain was caused by failure of muscles in his lower esophagus to relax during swallowing. Diagnosis?
Achlasia
157
Mr. Hart learned that his colonoscopy shows the presence of small benign growths protruding from the mucous membrane of his large intestine. Diagnosis?
Colonic polyps
158
Protrusion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
159
painful, inflamed intestines caused by bacterial infection
Dysentery
160
Swollen twisted veins in the rectal region
Hemorrhoids
161
Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
Peptic ulcer
162
Loss of peristalsis
Ileus
163
Twisting of the intestine on itself
Volvulus
164
Swollen, varicose veins on the surface of the distal portion of the esophagus
esophageal varices
165
Abnormal out-pouchings in the intestinal wall
diverticulosis
166
Chronic inflammation of the colon with destruction of its inner surface
ulcerative colitis
167
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
168
Inflammation of the liver caused by type A, type B, or type C virus
Viral hepatitis
169
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
170
Calculi in the sac that stores bile
Cholecystolithiasis (gall stones)
171
Chronic degenerative liver disease with scarring resulting from alcoholism or infectious hepatitis
Cirrhosis
172
GI symptoms (diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating) with no evidence of structural abnormalities
Irritable bowel syndrome
173
Membrane (peritoneal fold) that holds the intestines together
mesentery
174
removal of the gall bladder
cholecystectomy
175
black, or dark brown, tarry stools containing blood
melena
176
High levels of pigment in the blood (jaundice)
Hyperbilirubinemia
177
Pertaining to under the tongue
sublingual
178
Twisting of the intestines on itself
volvulus
179
Organ under the stomach that produces insulin and digestive enzymes
pancreas
180
New connection bw two previously unconnected tubes
Anastomoses
181
Absence of acid in the stomach
Achlorhydria
182
Return of solids and fluids to the mouth from the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux
183
Removal of soft tissue hanging from the roof of the mouth
uvulectomy
184
Formation of stones
lithogenesis
185
-ectasis
dilation, widening | *also -ectasia
186
-ectasia
dilation widening | *also -ectasis
187
Cholangi/o
bile duct (vessel)
188
-emesis
vomiting
189
-pepsia
digestion
190
-phagia
eating, swallowing
191
-ptysis
spitting
192
-rrhage, -rrhagia
bursting forth (of blood)
193
-rrhaphy
suture
194
-spasm
involuntary contraction of muscles
195
-stasis
stopping, controlling
196
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
197
-tresia
opening
198
celiac
pertaining to the abdomen
199
Splen/o
spleen
200
Liver function tests (LFTs)
Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in the blood
201
Stool guaic test or Hemoccult test
Test to detect occult (hidden) blood in the feces | -Impt screening test for colon cancer
202
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Contrast material administers through oral catheter | -Diagnoses problems involving bile ducts, gall bladder, and pancreas
203
Abdominal ultrasonography
Sound waves beamed into the abdomen produce an image of abdominal viscera
204
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
Use of endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the GI
205
Gastric bypass or bariatric surgery
Reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy)
206
bar/o
weight
207
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure
Reduces the stomach to a vol of 2 tablespoons and bypasses much of the small intestine.
208
ALT
Alanine transaminase, aspartate, transaminase (enzymes measured to evaluate liver function) *AST is same
209
AST
Alanine transaminase, aspartate, transaminase (enzymes measured to evaluate liver function) *ALT is same
210
BE
barium enema
211
BM
bowel movement
212
BRBPR
bright red blood per rectum | hematochezia
213
CT
computed tomography
214
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
215
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
216
EUS
endoscopic ultrasonography
217
G tube
gastrostomy tube
218
GB
gall bladder
219
GURD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
220
HBV
hepatitis B virus
221
IBD
imflammatory bowel disease
222
2 types of IBDs
chrons and ulcerative colitis
223
LFTs
liver function tests
224
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
225
NG tube
nasogastric tube
226
NPO
nothing per mouth
227
PEG tube
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (feeding tube)
228
PEJ tube
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube (feeding tube)
229
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
230
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
231
stoppage of bile (flow)
cholestasis
232
suture of a hernia
heniorrhaphy
233
dilation of bile ducts
cholangiectasia
234
spitting up blood (from the respiratory tract)
hemoptysis
235
vomiting blood (from the digestive tract)
hematemesis
236
surgical repair of the roof of the mouth
palatoplasty
237
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
pyloric stenosis
238
bursting forth of blood from the stomach
gastrorrhagia
239
sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles at the distal region of the stomach
pylorospasm
240
bursting forth of blood
hemorrhage
241
incision of the common bile duct
choledochotomy
242
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
243
polyphagia
a lot of swallowing (eating)
244
dyspepsia
difficulty digesting
245
biliary atresia
biliary ducts not open
246
pyorrhea
flow of pus
247
cholestasis
stoppage of bile (flow)
248
esophageal atresia
pertaining to the esophagus not open (closed off at birth)
249
pyloroplasty
surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter
250
splenorrhagia
bursting forth of blood from the spleen
251
proctosigmoidoscopy
visual exam of the rectum, anus and sigmoid colon
252
hemorrhage
bursting forth of blood
253
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
254
removal of the gall bladder
cholecystectomy
255
large bowel resection
colectomy
256
suture of weakened muscular wall (hernia)
herniorrhaphy
257
new opening of the first part of the colon to the outside of the body
cecostomy
258
surgical repair of the abdomen
abdominoplasty
259
incision of a ring of muscles
sphincterotomy
260
removal of the pancreas and duodenum
pancreatooduodenectomy
261
opening of the third part of the small intestine to the outside of the body
ileostomy
262
removal of gum tissue
gingivectomy
263
surgical puncture of the abdomen for withdrawal of fluid
paracentesis (abdominocentesis)
264
discharge of fat
steatorrhea
265
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
266
abnormal condition of gall stones
cholelithiasis
267
pertaining to the cheek
buccal
268
pertaining to the lips and teeth
labiodental
269
vomiting blood
hematemesis
270
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
271
removal of the gall bladder
cholecystectomy
272
pertaining to the common bile duct
choledochal
273
hemorrhage from the stomach
gastrorrhagia
274
cecal volvulus
twisted intestine in the area of the cecum
275
aphthous stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers
276
celiac disease
autoimmune disorder where villi in the lining of the small intestine are damaged, resulting from dietary glutens such as wheat, barley and rye
277
lipase
enzyme to digest fat
278
cheilosis
abnormal condition of the lips
279
oropharynx
the part of the throat near the mouth
280
glycogen
storage form of sugar
281
glossectomy
removal of the tongue
282
sialadenectomy
removal of salivary gland
283
periodontal membrane
membrane surrounding a tooth
284
choledochectasia
dilation of common bile duct
285
cholangiocarcinoma
malignant tumor of bile vessels
286
measurement of bile pigment in the blood
serum bilirubin
287
placement of feces in a growth medium for bacterial analysis
stool culture
288
x-ray examination of the lower GI tract
barium enema
289
imagina of abdominal viscera via sound waves
abdominal ultrasonography
290
test to reveal hidden blood in feces
stool guiac (hemoccult)
291
sequential x-ray images of the small intestine
small bowel follow-through
292
injection of contrast material through the skin into the liver, to obtain x-ray images of the pancreas and bile ducts
per-cutaneous trans-hepatic colangiography (PTHC)
293
reduction of stomach size and gastrojejunostomy
gastric bypass (bariatric surgery)
294
insertion of an endoscope and use of ultrasound imaging to visualize the organs of the GI tract
endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
295
percutaneous removal of liver tissue followed by microscopic examination
liver biopsy
296
visual examination of abdominal viscera through small abdominal incisions
laparoscopy
297
new opening of the stomach to the outside of the body for feeding
gastrostomy (G tube)
298
radioactive imaging of the liver, gallbladder, and intesting
HIDA scan
299
injection of contrast material via endoscope to obtain x-ray images of the pancreas and bile ducts
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
300
bursting forth of blood
-rrhagia, -rrhage
301
suture
-rrhaphy
302
dilation
-ectasis, -ectasia
303
narrowing
-stenosis
304
vomiting
-emesis
305
spitting
-ptysis
306
excision
-ectomy
307
digestion
-pepsia
308
eating, swallowing
-phagia
309
hardening
-sclerosis
310
stopping, controlling
-stasis
311
opening
-tresia
312
cali/o, calic/o
calyx (cup-shaped)
313
cyst/o
urinary bladder | *also vesic/o
314
glomerul/o
glomerulus
315
meat/o
meatus
316
nephr/o
kidney
317
pyel/o
renal pelvis
318
ren/o
kidney
319
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
320
ureter/o
ureter
321
urethr/o
urethra
322
vesic/o
urinary bladder | *also cyst/o
323
albumin/o
albumin
324
azot/o
nitrogen
325
bacteri/o
bacteria
326
dips/o
thirst
327
kal/o
potassium
328
ket/o, keton/o
ketone body (ketoacids and acetone)
329
natr/o
sodium
330
noct/o
night
331
olig/o
scanty
332
-poietin
substance that forms
333
-tripsy
crushing
334
ur/o
urine (urea) | *also urin/o
335
urin/o
uring | *also ur/o
336
-uria
urination; urine condition
337
When Mrs. Smith began to have diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain, she consulted a (urologist, nephrologist, gastroenterologist) and worried that the cause of her symptoms might be (inflammatory bowel disease, esophageal varices, achlasia)
- gastroenterologist | - inflammatory bowel disease
338
After taking a careful history and performing a thorough physical exam, Dr. Blakemore diagnosed Mr. Bean, a long-time drinker, with (hemorrhoids, pancreatitis, appendicitis). Mr. Bean had complained of sharp midepigastric pain and a change in bowel habits.
-pancreatitis
339
Many pregnant women cannot lie flat after eating without experience a burning sensation in their chest and throat. The usual cause of this symptom is (volvulus, dysentry, gastroesophageal reflux)
gastroesophageal reflux
340
Mr. and Mrs. Cho brought their young infant son to the clinic after he had several bouts of projectile vomiting. The pediatric surgeon suspected a diagnosis of (inguinal hernia, pyloric stenosis, ascites)
-pyloric steosis
341
Borris had terrible problems with his teeth. He needed not only a periodontist for his (aphthous stomatitis, oral leukoplakia, gingivitis), but also an (endodontist, oral surgeon, orthodontist) to straighten his teeth.
- gingivitis | - orthodontist
342
After 6 weeks of radiation therapy to her throat, Betty experienced severe esophageal irritation and inflammation. She complained to her doctor about her resulting (dyspepsia, dysphagia, hematemesis)
-dyphagia
343
Steven, age 7, is brought to the clinic bc of recurrent abdominal pain, occasional constipation and diarrhea, and weight loss. His pediatrician's diagnosis is (lipase deficiency, dysentery, celiac disease) and recommends a (fat, gluten, sugar)-free diet
- celiac disease | - gluten
344
Chris had been a heavy alcohol drinker all of his adult life. His wife notices worsening yellow discoloration of the whites of his eyes and skin. After physical exam and blood tests, is dr told him his (colon, skin, liver) was diseased. The yellowish discoloration was (jaundice, melena, flatus) and his condition was (cheilosis, cirrhosis, steatorrhea).
- liver - jaundice - cirrhosis
345
When Carol was working as a phlebotomist, she accidentally cut her finger while drawing a patients blood. Unfortunately, the patient had (pancreatitis, hemoptysis, hepatitis), and HBV was transmitted to Carol. Blood tests and (liver biopsy, gastrointestinal endoscopy, stool culture) confirmed Carol's diagnosis. Her dr told her that her condition was chronic and that she might be a candidate for a (bone marrow, liver, kidney) transplant in the future.
- hepatitis - liver biopsy - liver
346
Operation Smile is a rescue project that performs (heniorrhaphy, oral gingivectomy, palatoplasty) on children with a congenital cleft in the roof of the mouth.
-palatoplasty
347
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
348
intestinal nephritis
inflammation of the connective tissue that lies bw the renal tubules
349
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones (renal calculi)
350
nephrotic syndrom (nephrosis)
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
351
polycystic kidney disease (PKD) * know abbrev
Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney
352
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the lining of the kidney
353
renal failure
decr excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function
354
Wilms tumor*
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
355
diabetes insipidus (DI)
ADH is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
356
diabetes mellitus (DM)
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant of insulin
357
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast material through urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder
358
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
X-ray image of urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding
359
cystoscopy
Direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
360
dialysis*
process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
361
lithotripsy | -what is the removal procedure?
stones (in urinary tract) are crushed | -removal by ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)
362
what is ESWL? word and definition
- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | - removal procedure for lithotripsy
363
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin)
364
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
365
CRD
chronic kidney disease
366
CRF
chronic renal failure
367
C&S
culture and sensitivity
368
cysto
cystoscopic examination
369
IC
interstitial cystitis
370
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
371
KUB
kidney, ureter, bladder
372
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
373
RP
retrograde pyelography
374
UA
urinalysis
375
UTI
urinary tract infection
376
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
377
caliceal
pertaining to a calix
378
uric acid
nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
379
urinary meatal stenosis
narrowing of the urinary meatus
380
cystocele
hernia in the urinary bladder
381
pyelolithotomy
incision to remove a stone from the renal pelvis
382
trigonitis
inflammation of the trigone
383
ureterileostomy
new opening bw the ureter and ileum
384
urethrosteosis
narrowing of the urethra
385
vesicoureteral reflux
backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
386
medullary
pertaining to inner, middle section (of kidney)
387
cortical
pertaining to outer section (of kidney)
388
calciferol
active form of vit D secreted by kidneys
389
nocturia
night urinating
390
dysuria
painful urinating
391
oliguria
scanty urination
392
polyuria
a lot of urinating
393
anuria
not urinating
394
pyuria
pus in the urine
395
albuminuria
albumin (protein) in the urine
396
hematuria
blood in the urine
397
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
398
ketonuria
ketones (acetones) in the urine
399
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
400
azotemia
excess nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream
401
polydipsia
condition of a lot of thirst
402
urinary incontinence
inability to hold urine in the bladder
403
enuresis
bed-wetting
404
urinary retention
inability to release urine from the bladder
405
ketosis
abnormal condition of ketones
406
Abnormal particles present in the urine -- cells, bacteria, casts, and crystals
sediment
407
Smoky-red color of urine caused by presence of blood
hematuria
408
Turbid (cloudy) urine caused by presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and pus
Pyuria
409
Sugar in the urine: a sign of diabetes mellitus and a result of hyperglycemia
glycosuria
410
Urine test that reflects the acidity or alkalinity of the urine
pH
411
High levels of acids and acetones accumulate in the urine as a result of abnormal fat break down. What is this called?
ketonuria
412
Dark pigment that accumulates in the urine as a result of liver or gallbladder disease
bilirubinuria
413
Urine test that reflects the conc of the urine
specific gravity
414
Leaky glomeruli can produce accumulation of protein in the urine.
Albuminuria
415
Idiopathic high bp
essential hypertension
416
swelling, fluid in tissues
edema
417
narrowed area in a tube
stricture
418
collection of pus
abscess
419
inadequate secretion of insulin or improper utilization of insulin leads to this condition
diabetes mellitus
420
High bp caused by kidney disease or another disease
secondary hypertension
421
tube for withdrawing or giving fluid
catheter
422
inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of ADH
diabetes insipidus
423
prolapse of a kidney
nephroptosis
424
severe pain resulting from a store that is blocking a ureter or a kidney
renal colic
425
excision of a kidney
nephrectomy
426
surgical incision into the kidney to remove a stone
nephrolithotomy
427
Visual examination of the urinary bladder via endoscope
cystoscopy
428
crushing of stones
lithotripsy
429
new opening of ureters to a segment of ileum
ureteroileostomy
430
surgical repair of the urethra
urethroplasty
431
Creation of an artificial opening into the kidney (via catheter) from outside the body.
nephrostomy
432
Surgical formation of an opening from the bladder to the outside of the body
cystostomy
433
removal of the urinary bladder
cystectomy
434
incision of a ureter to remove a stone
ureterolithotomy
435
After a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (made by renal biopsy), Dr. Davis advised Donna that (nephrostomy, meatotomy, nephrectomy) would be necessary
Nephrectomy
436
Ever since Bill's condition of gout was diagnosed, he has been warned that the uric acid crystals could accumulate in his blood and tissues, leading to (pyuria, renal calculi, cystocele)
renal calculi
437
The voiding cystourethogram demonstrated blockage of urine flow from Jimmy's bladder and (hydronephrosis, renal ischemia, azotemia)
hydronephrosis
438
Narrowed arterioles in the kidney incr blood pressure, so (urinary incontinence, urinary retention, nephrosclerosis) is often assoc with hypertension
nephrosclerosis
439
8 y/o Willy continually wet his bed at night while sleeping. His pediatrician instructed his mother to limit Willy's intake of fluids in the evening to discourage his (nocturia, oliguria, enuresis)
enuresis
440
David's chronic type I diabetes eventually resulted in (nephropathy, meatal stenosis, urolithiasis), which led to renal failure.
nephropathy
441
After Sue's bilateral renal failure, her dr advised dialysis and possible (cystostomy, nephrolithotomy, renal transplantation)
renal transplantation
442
When Maria's left kidney stopped functioning her contralateral kidney over-developed or (metastasized, atrophied, hypertrophied) to meet the incr workload
hypertrophied
443
A popular diet program recommends eating food high in fats and protein. People on this diet check their urine for the presence of (ketones, glucose, amino acids)
ketones
444
Andrea's urinalysis revealed proteinuria, and her ankles began to swell, demonstrating pitting, a condition known as (ascites, edema, stricture). Her (gastroenterologist, urologist, nephrologist) diagnosed Andrea's condition as (polycystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, bladder carcinoma) and recommended drugs to heal leaky glomeruli and diuretics to reduce swelling.
- edema - nephrologist - nephrotic syndrome

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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