Chpts 11 & 12 Flashcards
(347 cards)
1
Q
diastole
A
relaxation phase of heart beat
2
Q
systole
A
contraction phase of heartbeat
3
Q
angi/o
A
vessel
4
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
5
Q
stenosis
A
narrowing
6
Q
arter/o, arteri/o
A
artery
7
Q
arther/o
A
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
8
Q
atheroma
A
collection of yellowish plaque
9
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
10
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
11
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
12
Q
cholesterol/o
A
cholesterol
13
Q
coron/o
A
heart
14
Q
cyan/o
A
blue
15
Q
myx/o
A
mucus
16
Q
artherosclerosis
A
abnormal condition of hardening yellowish plaque
17
Q
ox/o
A
oxygen
18
Q
pericardi/o
A
pericardium
19
Q
phleb/o
A
vein
*also ven/o, ven/i
20
Q
rrhythm/o
A
rhythm
21
Q
sphygm/o
A
pulse
22
Q
steth/o
A
chest
23
Q
thromb/o
A
clot
24
Q
valvul/o, valv/o
A
valve
25
vas/o
vessel
| *also angi/o, vascul/o
26
vascul/o
vessel
| *also angi/o, vas/o
27
ven/o, ven/i
vein
| *also phleb/o
28
ventricul/o
ventricle
29
arrythmias
abnormal heart rhythms
30
bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)
Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle
31
flutter *
Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
32
fibrilation *
Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart.
33
contraction of the aorta (CoA)
Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta
34
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Passageway (ductus arteriosus) bw the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.
-ductus arteriosus normally closes after birth, but in this congenital condition, it remains open.
35
spetal defects
small holes in the wall bw the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)
36
tetralogy of Fallot
Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects.
37
ventricular septal defect
A hole in the ventricular septum causes blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right and into the lungs via the pulmonary artery
38
congestive heart failure (CHF)
| How would you treat this?
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.
| -Tread with LVAD
39
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
40
endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
41
hypertensive heart disease
High bp affecting the heart
42
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Improper closure of the mitral valve
43
murmur
Extra heart sound, heard bw normal beats
44
pericarditis
Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart.
45
rheumatic heart disease
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever.
46
aneurysm
local widening (dilation) of an aterial wall
47
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Blood clot (thrombosis) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb
48
hypertension (HTN)
High bp
49
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs
50
varicose veins
Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.
51
Hemorrhoids (piles)
varicose veins near the anus.
52
claudication*
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after WALKING has begun, but absence of pain at rest.
53
atrial fibrillation
P waves are replaced by irregular and rapid fluctuations. There are no effective atrial contractions.
54
ventricular tachycardia
ventricular rate high, can be up to 250 bpm. The rhythm is regular, but the atria aren't contributing to ventricular filling and blood output is poor
55
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
| What condition would you use this for?
Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages.
-Disabling angina and extensive coronary atherosclerosis despite medical therapy.
56
endarterectomy
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
57
extracorporeal circulation
extracorporeal = outside the body
Heart-lung machine divers blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired.
The machine uses the technique of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
58
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EXMO)
The technique the heart-lung machine uses in extracorporeal circulation
59
AAA
abnormal aortic aneurysm
60
ACLS
advanced cardiac life support
61
AED
automatic external defibrillator
62
AF
atrial fibrillation
63
a-fib
atrial fibrillation
64
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
65
AS
aortic stenosis
66
ASD
atrial septal defect
67
AV, A-V
atrioventricular
68
AVR
aortic valve replacement
69
BBB
bundle branch block
70
BP
blood pressure
71
CABG
coronary artery bypass grafting
72
CAD
coronary artery disease
73
CCU
coronary care unit
74
Cath
catheterization
75
CHF
congestive heart failure
76
CK
creatine kinase
77
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
78
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
79
ECMO
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
80
ECG
electrocardiography
81
EKG
electrocardiography
82
ECHO
echocardiography
83
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
84
HTN
hypertension
85
LAD *
left anterior descending (coronary artery)
86
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
87
LV
left ventricle
88
LVAD
left ventricular assist device
89
LVH
left ventricular hypertrophy
90
MI
myocardial infarction
91
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
92
PAC
premature atrial contraction
93
PAD
peripheral arterial disease
94
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
95
PE
pulmonary embolus
96
PVC*
premature ventricular contraction
97
SA, S-A
sinoatrial node
98
SOB
shortness of breath
99
tPA
tissue-type plasminogen activator
100
VF
ventricular fibrillation
101
VSD
ventricular septal defect
102
VT
ventricular tachycardia
103
What would you use a coronary artery bypass grafting for?
Disabling angina and extensive coronary atherosclerosis despite medical therapy
104
What would you use a left carotid endarterectomy for?
Atherosclerotic occlusion of a main artery leading to the head.
105
What would you use a sclerosing injections and laser treatment for?
Varicose veins
106
What would you use LV aneurysmectomy for?
Protrusion of the wall of a lower heart chamber
107
What would you use atrial septal defect repair for?
Congenital hole in the wall of the upper chamber of the heart
108
What would you use a left ventricular assist device for?
Congestive heart failure
109
Why would you perform pericardiocentesis?
Cardiac tamponade (fluid in the space surrounding the heart)
110
Why would you perform an aortic valve replacement?
Aortic stenosis
111
Why would you do a pacemaker implantation?
Congenital hole in the wall of the upper chamber of the heart?
112
Why would you do femoral-popliteal bypass grafting?
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
113
Valve that lies bw the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
114
smallest blood vessel
capillary
115
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
pulmonary vein
116
largest artery in the body
aorta
117
brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body
superior vena cava
118
upper chamber of the heart
atrium
119
carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart
pulmonary artery
120
Small artery
arteriole
121
valve that lies bw the left atrium and the left ventricle
mitral valve
122
brings blood from the lower half of the body to the heart
inferior vena cava
123
small vein
venule
124
lower chamber of the heart
ventricle
125
hardening of arteries
arteriosclerosis
126
disease condition of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
127
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
128
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
129
high levels of cholesterol in the blood
hypercholesterolemia
130
condition of rapid heartbeat
tachycardia
131
surgical repair of a valve
valvuloplasty
132
condition of deficient oxygen
hypoxia
133
pertaining to the upper heart chamber
atrial
134
narrowing of the mitral valve
mitralstenosis
135
breakdown of a clot
thrombolysis
136
cyanosis
= condition of blue
| -bluish discoloration of the skin owing to deficient oxygen in the skin
137
phlebotomy
process of cutting into a vein
138
arterial anastomosis
new connection bw arteries
139
cardiogenic shock
circulatory failure due to poor heart function
140
atheroma
collection of yellowish plaque (fatty substance)
141
atherosclerosis
= condition of hardening yellow plaque
| -hardening of the arteries with a yellow plaque
142
mitral valvulitis
inflammation of the mitral valve
143
stethoscope
=instrument to visually examine the chest
| -instrument to listen to sounds within the chest
144
sphygomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
145
arrythmia
condition of abnormal heart rhythm
146
vasoconstriction
narrowing of a vessel
147
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
148
rapid but regular atrial or ventricular contractions
flutter
149
small hole bw the upper heart chambers; congenital anomaly
atrial septal defect
150
improper closure of the valve bw the left atrium and ventricle during systole
mitral valve prolapse
151
blockage of the arteries surrounding the heart leading to ischemia
coronary artery disease
152
high bp affecting the heart
hypertensive heart disease
153
rapid, random, ineffectual, and regular contractions of the heart
fibrillation
154
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
pericarditis
155
inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
congestive heart failure
156
congenital malformation involving 4 separate heart defects
tetrology of fallot
157
congenital narrowing of the large artery leading from the heart
coarctation of the aorta
158
a duct bw the aorta and pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open
patent ductus arteriosus
159
lesions that form on heart valves after damage by infection
vegetations
160
clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel
emboli
161
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
petechiae
162
an extra heart sound, heard bw normal beats and caused by a valvular defect or concition that disrupts the smooth flow of blood through the heart
murmur
163
listening with a stethoscope
ascultation
164
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
165
local widening of an artery
aneurysm
166
pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun
claudication
167
blockage of arteries in the lower extremities; etiology is atherosclerosis
peripheral arterial disease
168
pertaining to the heart
coronary
169
not a normal heart rhythm
arrhythmia
170
abnormal condition of blueness
cyanosis
171
chest pain
angina pectoris
172
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
173
hardening of the arteries with a fatty plaque
atherosclerosis
174
swollen veins in the rectal region
hemorroids
175
Bill was having pain in his chest tat radiated up his necka nd down his arm. He called his family physician, who thought Bill should report to the local emergency room immediately. The first test performed in the ER was a/an (stress test, ECG, CABG)
ECG
176
Dr. Kelly explained to the family that their observation of the bluish color of the baby Charles' skin helped her make the diagnosis of a/an (thrombotic, aneurysmal, septal) defect in the baby's heart, which needed immediate attention.
septal
177
Dr. Duggan had a dever of unknown origin. When the doctors completed an echocardiogram and saw vegetations in his mitral valve, they suspected (bacterial endocarditis, hypertensive heart disease, angina)
bacterial endocarditis
178
Claudia's hands turned red, almost purple, whenever she want out into the cold or became stressed. Her physical thought it might be wise to evaluate her for (varicose veins, Raynaud's disease, intermittent claudication)
Raynaud's disease
179
Daisy's heart felt like it was skipping beats every time she drank coffee. Her physician suggested that she wear a/an (Holter monitor, LVAD, CABG)
Holter monitor
180
Paola's father and grandfather died of heart attacks. Her physician tells her that she has inherited a tendency to accumulate fats in her bloodstream. Blood tests reveal high levels of (enzymes, lipids, nitroglycerin). Discussing her family history with her (gynocologist, hematologist, cardiologist), she understands that she has familial (hypocholerolstemia, hypercholerolstemia, cardiomyopathy)
lipids, cardiologist, hypercholesterolemia
181
While exercising, Bernard experienced a pain (cramp) in his calf muscle. The pain disappeared when we was resting. After performing (Holter monitoring, Doppler ultrasound, echocardiography) on his leg to assess blood flow, Dr. Shaw found (stenosis, fibrillation, endocarditis), indicating poor circulation. She recommended a daily exercise program, low-far diet, carful foot care, and antiplatelet drug therapy to treat Bernards intermittent (palpitations, hypertension, claudication)
Doppler ultrasound, stenosis, claudication
182
Carol notices that her 6-week old son Louis had a slightly bluish or (jaundices, cyanotic, diastolic) coloration to his skin. She consulted a pediatric (dermatologist, hematologist, cardiologist), who performed (echocardiography, PET scan, endarterectomy) and diagnosed Louis's condition as (endocarditis, congestive heart failure, tetrology of Fallot)
cyanotic, cardiologist, echocardiography, tetrology of fallot
183
78 year old John smith has had coronary artery disease and high bp for the past 10 years. His history included an acute heart attack, or (MI, PDA, CABG). He often was tired and complained of (dyspnea, nausea, migraines) and swelling in his ankles. His physician diagnosed his condition as (aortic aneurysm, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease) and recommended restricted salt intake, diuretics, and an (ACE inhibitor, antibiotic, analgesic)
MI, dyspnea, congestive heart failure, ACE inhibitor
184
Sarah had a routine checkup that included (auscultation, vasoconstriction, vasodilation) of her chest with a (catheter, stent, stethoscope) to listen to her heart. Her physician noticed a midsystolic murmur characteristic of (DVT, MVP, LDL). An echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis.
auscultation, stethoscope, MVP
185
adenoid/o
adenoids
186
alveol/o
alveolus , air sac
187
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
188
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
189
capn/o
carbon dioxide
190
bronchopleural
pertaining to the bronchus and the pleura
191
coni/o
dust
192
epiglott/o
epiglottis
193
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
194
lob/o
lobe of the lung
195
mediastin/o
mediastinum
196
nas/o
nose
| *also rhin/o
197
orth/o
straight, upright
198
intubation
inserting a tube
199
orthopnea
breathing straight
| -breathing is easier in the upright position
200
ox/o
oxygen
201
ex-
out/away
202
pector/o
chest
| *also thorac/o
203
pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
204
phon/o
voice
205
dysphonia
pertaining to abnormal voice
206
phren/o
diaphragm
207
pleur/o
pleura
208
-dynia
pain
209
effusion
escape of fluid
210
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air, lung
211
pulmon/o
lung
212
rhin/o
nose
| *also nas/o
213
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
214
spir/o
breathing
215
expiration
process of breathing out
| *S is omitted becasue of X
216
rhinorrhea
flow of the nose
217
tel/o
complete
218
thorac/o
chest
| *also pector/o
219
tonsill/o
tonsils
220
-ectasis
expansion
221
atelectasis
incomplete expansion
222
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
223
-ema
condition
224
em-
in
225
-osmia
smell
226
-pnea
breathing
227
dyspnea
abnormal breathing
228
-ptysis
spitting
229
-sphyxia
pulse
230
asphyxia
no pulse
231
-thorax
pleural cavity, chest
232
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
233
percussion
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
234
pleural rub
Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
-this is due to inflammation
235
rales (crackles)
Fine crackling sounds hears on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
236
rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
-sounds resemble snoring and usually caused by secretions in larger bronchial tubes
237
sputum
Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
238
stridor
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
-caused by throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic rxn, laryngitis
239
wheezes
Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
-asthmatics commonly experience this
240
croup
Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.
241
diphtheria
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium.
-inflammation occurs, and leather membrane forms in pharynx and trachea
242
epistaxis
Nosebleed
243
pertussis
Whooping cough: highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
244
asthma
chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production.
245
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection
246
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of COPD
247
cystic fibrosis (CF)
Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
248
atelectasis
Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
249
emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
-form of COPD
250
What are 2 forms of COPD
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
251
Lung cancer
| -What are the 2 categories?
Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and the bronchi
| -small cell (SCLC) and non-small cell (NSCLC)
252
pneumoconiosis
| What kinds?
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
-There are various forms according to the type of dust particle
anthracosis- coal
asbestosis - asbestos
silicosis- silica
253
pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
254
pulmonary abscess
Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
255
pulmonary edema
Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
256
pulmonary embolism (PE)
Clot or material lodges in vessel of the lung
257
sarcoidosis
chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
258
granulomas
small nodules
259
tuberculosis (TB)
Infectious disease where lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
-bacteria invade lungs
260
pleural effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
261
pleurodesis
the artificial production of adhesions bw the parietal and visceral pleura for treatment of persistent pneumothorax
262
-desis
to bind
263
chest x-ray (CXR)
radiographic image of the thoracic cavity
264
computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest
computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structure in cross section and other planes
-identify things difficult to see by x-ray
265
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest
magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional planes
-helpful in defining mediastinal tumors difficult to assess by CT
266
positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung
Radioactive glucose is injected and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs
- this can identify malignant tumors which have higher metabolic activity
267
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope in inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon)
-identifies areas of the lung no receiving adequate air flow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)
268
bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
269
endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
270
lung biopsy
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
271
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs; airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
272
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
273
ABGs
arterial blood gases
274
AFB
acid-fast bacillus
| -type of organism that causes tuburculosis
275
ARDs
acute respiratory distress syndrome
276
BAL
bronchoalveolar lavage
277
Bronch
bronchoscopy
278
CF
cystic fibrosis
279
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
280
C&S
culture and sensitivity testing
281
CXR
chest x-ray
282
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
283
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
| -toxiods for vaccination of infants
284
ICU
intensive care unit
285
LLL
left lower lobe (of lung)
286
LUL
left upper lobe (of lung)
287
NSCLC
non-small cell lung cancer
288
PCP
pneumocystis pneumonia
| -type of pneumonia seen in AIDS patients
289
PE
pulmonary embolism
290
PFTs
pulmonary function tests
291
PPD
purified protein derivative
292
RDS
respiratory distress sundrome
293
RLL
right lower lobe
294
RUL
right upper lobe
295
SOB
shortness of breath
296
TLC
total lung capacity
297
URI
upper respiratory infection
298
VATS
video-assisted thoracic surgery
299
V/Q scan
ventilation-perfusion scan
300
RML
right middle lung
301
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus
302
pneumothorax
air in the chest (pleural cavity)
303
anosmia
lack of smell
304
laryngectomy
process of removing the voice box
305
glottis
opening to the larynx
306
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
307
breathing is easier or possible only in an upright position
orthopnea
308
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
309
spitting up blood
hemoptysis
310
deficiency in oxygen
hypoxia
311
condition of pus in the pleural cavity
| -2 anwers
pyothorax
| empyrema
312
hoarseness; voice impairment
dysphonia
313
blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
314
nosebleed
epistaxis
315
acute infectious disease of the throat caused by Corynebacterium
diphtheria
316
acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants that is marked by obstruction of the larynx and stridor
croup
317
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
318
inflammation of tubes that lead from the trachea, over a long period of time
chronic bronchitis
319
chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction
asthma
320
lung or portion of a lung is collapsed
atelectasis
321
malignant neoplasm originating in a lung or bronchus
lung cancer
322
whooping cough (another word)
pertussis
323
a collection of fluid or other material within the lung as see on chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic study
infiltrate
324
inherited disease of exocrine glands; mucous secretions lead to airway obstruction
cystic fibrosis
325
inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in lungs and lymph nodes
sarcoidosis
326
This symptom means that a patient has difficulty breathing and becomes short of breath when exercising
dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
327
Visual examination of the chest via endoscope and video monitor
video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
328
3 basic steps:
1- airway opened by tilting the head
2- breathing restored by mouth-to-mouth
3-circulation restored by external cardiac compression
CPR
329
Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are examples
NSCLC
330
A group of symptons resulting in acute respiratory failure
acute (adult) respiratory distress (ARDS)
331
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are examples
COPD
332
A spirometer is used for these respiratory tests
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
333
substance used in a test for tuberculosis
purified protein derivative (PPD)
334
Injection in an infant to provide immunity
diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT)
335
removal of lymph tissue in the oropharynx
tonsillectomy
336
surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid from the pleural space
thoracentesis
337
incision of the chest
thoracotomy
338
removal of the voice box
laryngectomy
339
removal of a region of the lung
lobectomy
340
endoscopic examination of the chest
thoracoscopy or thorascopy
341
pulmonary resection
pneumectomy
342
Before making a decision to perform surgery on Mrs. Hope, an 80 year old woman with lung cancer, her physicians ordered (COPD, bronchoscopy, PFTs) to determine the functioning of her lungs.
PFTs
343
Early in her pregnancy, Sonya had a routine (PET scan, CXR, MRI) that revealed a/an (epiglottic, alveolar, mediastinal) mass in the area bw her lungs. After delivery of her child, the mass was removed, and biopsy revealed a malignant thymoma.
CXR, mediastinal
344
5 year old Seth was allergic to cats and experienced wheezing, coughing, and difficult breathing at night when he was trying to sleep. After careful evaluation by a (cardiologist, pulmonologist, neurologist) his parents were told that Seth had (pleurisy, sarcoidosis, asthma) involving inflammation of his (nasal passages, pharynx, bronchial tubes)
pulmonologist, asthma, bronchial tubes
345
6 year old Daisy had a habit of picking her nose. During the winter months, heat in her family's house cause drying of her nasal (mucus, mucous, pleural) membranes. She had frequent bouts of (epistaxis, croup, stridor)
mucous, epistaxis
346
75 year old Beatrice had been a pack-a-day smoker all of her adult life. Over the previous 3 months she noticed a persistent cough, weight loss, blood in her sputum (hemoptysis, hematemesis, asbestosis), and dyspnea. A chest CT scan revealed a mass. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of (tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, adenocarcinoma) which is a type of (small cell, non-small cell, lymph node) lung cancer.
hemoptysis, adenocarcinoma, non-small cell
347
Carrie's lungs were normal at birth, but thick bronchial secretions soon blocker her (arterioles, venules, bronchioles), which became inflamed. She was losing weight, and tests revealed inadequate amounts of pancreatic enzymes necessary for digestion of fats and proteins. Her pediatrician diagnosed her hereditary condition as (chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis)
bronchioles, cystic fibrosis
