Chptr 6 Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Social group
A
2 or more people who identify with and interact with one another
2
Q
Losing formed collection of people in one place
A
Crowd
3
Q
Social group
A
2 or more people who identify with and interact with one another
4
Q
People all over the country with a status in common
A
Category
5
Q
Primary group
A
Small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships
6
Q
Secondary group
A
A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
7
Q
Primary groups display
A
Personal orientation (who they are)
8
Q
Secondary groups have
A
Goal orientation (what they are)
9
Q
Instrumental Leadership
A
Group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks
10
Q
Expressive leadership
A
Group leadership that focuses on the groups well being
11
Q
Instrumental leaders receive
A
Respect
12
Q
Expressive leaders receive
A
Affection
14
Q
Democratic leadership is more
A
Expressive and includes everyone
15
Q
Laissez-faire leadership
A
Allows the front tk function more or less on its own. Least effective in promoting group goals
16
Q
Groupthink
A
The tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue
17
Q
Authoritarian leadership focuses on
A
Instrumental concerns
18
Q
Reference group
A
A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions
19
Q
In group
A
Social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
20
Q
Our group
A
A social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition
21
Q
Dyad
A
A social group with 2 members
22
Q
Triad
A
Group with 3 members
23
Q
3 ways which social diversity influences inter group contact
A
Large groups turn inward, heterogenous groups turn outward, physical boundaries create social boundaries
24
Q
Network
A
Web of weak social ties
25
Q
Roman Catholics are correctly considered to be an example of a
A
Category
26
What is an example of a primary group
A small number of people ass ambled at a monthly neighborhood picnic
27
Which type of leader focuses on instrumental concerns and takes personal change of decision making
Authoritarian
28
Solomon Aschs line matching research demonstrated the dynamics of
Group conformity
29
Social media
Media that allows people to communicate with one another to share information and to form communities based on shared interests and goals
30
Formal Organizations
Large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently
31
Amitai Etzoni identified what
3 types of formal organizations
Utilitarian (work for money)
Normative (work for goal)
Coercive (forced, form of punishment)
32
Early organizations had two limitations
Lacked technology to transport people, quick communication, and to gather and store information. Second the preindustrial societies in which they operated had traditional cultures
33
Tradition
Behavior values and beliefs passed from generation to generation
34
Modern worldview
Based on Rationality, a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter of fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish a particular task
35
Rationalization of society
The historical change from tradition to rationality as the main type of human thought
36
Bureaucracy
Organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently
37
What traits promote organizational efficiency
Specialization
Hierarchy of positions
Rules and regulations
Technical competence
Impersonality
Formal, written communication
38
Organizational environment
Factors outside an organization that affect its operation
Technology
Economic trends
Political trends
Current events
Available workforce
Other organizations
39
Bureaucratic ritualism
A focus on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organizations goals
40
Bureaucratic inertia
Tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves
41
Political Oligarchy
The rule of the many by the few (strict hierarchy)
42
The policy of outsourcing typically provides more benefits to the organization and less benefit to those who perform the work
True
43
In response to increasing pressure to be racially inclusive the corporate world in the us has become more accessible to people of color. Which is true about diversity and inclusion
Women and people of color represent roughly their share of the population at the entry level; at senior management positions however these categories represent only about half their share of the population
44
____ refers to an organizations rules and regulations becoming an end in themselves so much so that they interfere with accomplishing the organizations goals
Bureaucratic ritualism
45
The pandemic brought what change to the power of govenrnment over the lives of the population as a whole
Government power increased
46
Robert Michaels “iron law of oligarchy” refers to
The typical pyramid shape by which few people lead in a bureaucracy
47
Scientific management
Application of scientific principles to the operation of a business or other large organization
48
The principles of scientific management suggests that operations al control over the workplace should reside with
Owners and executives
49
Many of the creative jobs in the information based eco only are characterized by
Greater flexibility for employees
50
The mcdonaldization thesis states that rational organization
Is coming to define our entire way of life for better or worse
51
When organizations spread responsibility for creative problem solving throughout the workforce the result is
Fewer levels in the chain of command
52
George Ritzer echoes max weber when he states that the ultimate irrationality of mcdonaldization is that
People could lose control of the system and end up being controlled by it
53
Social group
Two or more people who identify with and interact with one another
54
A __\__ is an example of a primary group
Family residing at a time together
55
The result of the process of groupthink is that it often results in group members
Conforming causing them to share a narrow view of an issue
56
For which of the following categories of people would a residential boarding school be most like a coercive organization
The students
57
Factors that affect an organizations operation such as declining regional al population or a new state governor taken together are called the
Organizational environment
58
Starbucks bathroom
1487
59
The response by the federal emergency management agency to hurricane katrina in which following bureaucratic rules seemed to be more important than helping people in need is an example of
Bureaucratic inefficiency
60
Scientific management is an approach to operating a large organization that is as developed to
Increase the productive efficiency of business
61
Evidence of increasing global competition for us corporations includes the fact that the share of car sales in the us by the three largest us manufacturers changed in what way
The share fell from 85 percent in the 1960s to less than 50 percent by 2010
62
Todays postindustrial economy has created highly skilled creative work as well as
A great deal of service work that requires far less skill
63
Reasons for increased competition include
Economic development, technological development, and lower labor and production costs in other global regions
64
The use of a device that resembled a shock generator to study obedience to authority was the foundation of research by
Stanley Milgram
65
On a group of four people how many social relationships link the members
6
66
The Red Cross and league of women voters are examples of which type of organization
Normative organization
67
Which of the following clusters of traits did max Weber link to bureaucracy
Specializations, hierarchy and technical competence
68
One characteristic of a secondary group is
Weak emotional ties between members
69
Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a
Crowd
70
The concept of mcdonaldization of society refers to
McDonald’s organizational principles moving to dominate all of society
71
The process called groupthink refers to
Group members who seek consensus, discourage people from speaking freely, and end up making a decision based on limited information
72
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks
Instrumental leadership
73
Which type of formal organization do people join in order to obtain money and other material benefits
Utilitarian organization
74
A psychiatric hospital can be a coercive organization for a patient, a utilitarian organizations for a psychiatrist and a normative organization for a part time volunteer
True
75
Oligarchy refers to the rule of the many by the few
True
76
Social network is a web of weak social ties
True
77
Groupthink is a form of social conformity among members of groups
True
78
Compared to us organizations many formal organizations in Japan have had more of the qualities that define primary groups
True
79
Formal organizations are designed to meet the personal needs of the participants
False
80
