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Sociology > Chptr 4 > Flashcards

Chptr 4 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

Using symbols as we engage others

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2
Q

____ is the process by which people act and react in relation to others

A

Social interaction

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3
Q

Members of every society rely continuously on ____ to guide and make sense of everyday situations

A

Social structure

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4
Q

Status

A

A social position that a person holds

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5
Q

In every society people build their everyday lives using the idea of _____

A

Status

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6
Q

George summer said

A

Before we can deal with anyone we need to know who the person is

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7
Q

Status set

A

All the statuses a person holds at a given time

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8
Q

Ascribed status

A

A social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life (little to no choice)

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9
Q

Achieved status

A

Social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort (choice)

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10
Q

People’s ascribed statuses influence the statuses they achieve

A

True

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11
Q

Master status

A

Status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a persons entire life

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12
Q

Is gender master status

A

Yes

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13
Q

Is seeing someone as their physical disability a master status

A

Yes

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14
Q

Can bring a political activist on the far right or left side serve as a master status

A

Yes

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15
Q

In the thinking about diversity race class and gender box, “physical disability is a master status” why is this

A

Blindness is a personal trait that others may use to define an individual

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16
Q

Martha works part time doing house cleaning and watches her ten year old niece in the mornings. At night she takes courses at the local community college in hopes of receiving her MA degree in business. Which of the following terms correctly describes Martha’s status set

A

Worker, aunt, student

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17
Q

Laura is an Asian American girl born to a young mother and adopted by a middle aged multiracial couple. She is raised in relative weary, attends college, and goes on to become a district attorney and now has a daughter of her own. Which of the following bf is an example of Laura’s ascribed status

A

Asian American

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18
Q

How do ascribed status and achieved status compare

A

An ascribed status is assigned or involuntary, whereas an achieved status is largely earned

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19
Q

To say a person is a parent, a student, and a waiter is to describe someone’s ____

A

Status set

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20
Q

Role

A

Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status

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21
Q

A person ___ a status and ____ the role

A

Holds, performs

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22
Q

Status and roles vary by culture

A

True

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23
Q

Actual time performance varies with an individuals unique personality and some societies permit individuals a freer and more varied expression of a role than others

A

True

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24
Q

Role set

A

A number of roles attached to a Single status

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25
The status set defines who we are in society and the many roles linked to each status define what we do
True
26
Role conflict
Conflict amount the times connected to two or more statuses
27
Role strain
Tension among the roles connected to a single status
28
Role exit
The process by which people disengage from important social roles
29
Which of the following illustrates the concept of role strain
A patent attempts to be a best friend to her child while still maintaining discipline over the child
30
We experience role __ when we find ourselves pulled in various directions as we try to respond to the many statuses that we hold
Conflict
31
The process of role exit typically begins as people ___
Begin to doubt their ability to continue in a certain role
32
The share of housework that is the responsibility of women decreases as a nations ___ increases
Level of economic development
33
The term “role set” refers to
A number of different roles attached to a single status
34
Reality is not as fixed as we may think
True (the ability to construct yourself)
35
The social of construction of reality
The process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction
36
___ is a complex negotiation that builds reality
Social interaction
37
“Street smarts”
Constructing reality
38
Thomas Theorem
W. I. Thomas’s claim that situations defined as real are real in their consequences
39
Ethnomethodology
The study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings
40
The concept of social media refers to
Media that allows people to communicate with one another to share information and to form communities based on shared interest and goals
41
What is a statement that best illustrates the main point of the Thomas theorem
If you believe in yourself you will succeed
42
One approach by which we may study the way people understand everyday relatives is called
Ethnomethodolgy
43
Because many cultural systems are marked by cultural diversity, reality construction usually involves
Differences from person to person
44
The story of Pitt Thomas growing up in Spanish Harlem involves what he called ___\\\ as a form of construction social reality
Street smarts
45
Dramaturgical Analysis
The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
46
Presentation of self (impression management)
A persons efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
47
Nonverbal communication
Communication using body movements gestures and facial expressions rather than speech
48
Demeanor is a gender issue
True
49
Loss of face
Embarrassment
50
Tact
Helping someone to recover or save face
51
Which statement best describes Erving Goffmans concept called presentation of self
It is our effort to convey information to others and control other people’s impressions of us
52
In dramaturgical analysis the concept of status is comparable to what theatrical element
A part or character
53
Tact is an important and widely used element of everyday interaction because
Embarrassment creates discomfort for everyone
54
55
Using dramaturgical analysis a ____ is like a script in a play, supplying dialogue and action
Role
57
Culture and emotions
Culture plays a role in what triggers an emotion, how you display it, and how you value it
58
Humor
Unconventional or playing with reality
59
A persons hands face and body are all used in the process of
Nonverbal communication
60
Happiness surprise and fear are examples of
Universal human emotions
61
Janie works as a flight attendant. While on the job she smiles and talks cheerfully with travelers. Janie’s actions are an example of
An emotional script provided by an employer
62
When added to a word, the suffixes ette and ess usually
Devalue the word
63
64
How is humor created
By contrasting conventional and unconventional realities
65
British comedian John Cleese recently made which of the following assessments of the state of comedy in a politically senstive area
The political climate of cancel culture has made doing comedy much more difficult
66
Which of the following statuses is an example of an achieved status
Honor roll student
67
Achieved status is typically based on
Personal effort
68
What is not likely to operate as a master status
Being pretty average in relation to others around you
69
An ____ status, which can be a matter of race, extreme poverty or weary, or physical disability, often shapes a persons entires life in terms of identity
Master
70
Which of the following people is most likely to experience role conflict
A teenage mother who is still attending high school
71
The behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status is called
A role
72
Tim is applying g the approach called ethnomethodolgy and decides to investigate people’s understanding of their social reality. He costs a local bookstore buys a few paperbacks and heads to the checkout line. When the clerk asks if he found everything he was looking g for, Tim replies in all seriousness that his watch has been missing for several days and he thinks that he left it in a friends car. He asks the clerk to help him find the watch. He then observes the clerks response. How is the clerk likely to react to Tim’s behavior
With confusion and perhaps some irritation.
73
Piri Thomas’s clever and courageous effort to gain social acceptance by fighting gang leader Waneko demonstrates the validity of Thomas theorem because
He acted in a worthy way and so he became worthy in the eyes of the other boys
74
Erving goffmans concept of dramaturgical anaylsis involves studying ____ in terms of theatrical performance
Social interaction
75
The text explains that increasing use of social media in the United States has resulted in which of the following transformations
People have become connected to many others in new ways and over distances but sometimes their ties to others with whom they share physical space have become weaker
75
We commonly make use of tact in everyday life because
It reduces embarrassment which is a source of discomfort for everyone
76
The text explores the roots of emotions and concludes that emotions have both a ____ and a ___ basis
Biological; cultural
77
Partners and friends may define situations in specific ways and encourage an individual to experience specific feelings. Such efforts provide people with what sociologists call ____
Emotional scripts
78
Which of the following statements about how gender affects people’s performances is correct
Men typically make use of more space than women when they act in a situation
79
Which of the following statements about deception in social situations is correct
Detecting deception involves carefully tracking all elements of a performance and looking for inconsistencies
80
According to Erving Goffman people usually make efforts to __ their intentions
Idealize
81
The idea of getting a joke depends on
Understanding the two realities involved and appreciating their difference
82
From a social conflict point of view jokes
Can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of another
83
Which concept refers to conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses
Role conflict
84
Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status
Role strain
85
The less incongruity or difference that people perceive between conventional and unconventional social definitions of reality, the greater the potential for humor
False
86
Social media refers to technology that links people in social activity
True
87
Because emotions have some basis in biology one would be completely wrong to say that emotions are socially constructed
False
88
There are specific gestures that indicate when a person is lying or otherwise engaging in deception
False
89
Erving Goffman is the sociologist who developed the approach known as dramaturgical analysis
True

Sociology (10 decks)

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