Chapter 17

Question 1

Social change

Answer 1

The transformation of culture and social institutions over time

Question 2

____ is the term sociologist use to refer to the transformation of culture and social institutions over time

Answer 2

Social change

Question 3

Which of the following concepts refers to the pattern by which material culture (involving things) changes faster than nonmaterial culture (ideas and attitudes)

Answer 3

Cultural lag

Question 4

The four characteristics of social change are 1) change happens all the time 2) change is sometimes intentional but often unplanned 3) change is controversial; and 4)

Answer 4

Some changes matter more than others

Question 5

Collective behavior

Answer 5

Activity involving a large number of people that is unplanned often controversial and sometimes dangerous and can bring about change

Question 6

Crowd

Answer 6

Temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another

Question 7

Mob

Answer 7

Highly emotional crowd that pursues a violent or destructive goal

Question 8

Riot

Answer 8

A social eruption that is highly emotional violent and undirected

Question 9

Rumor

Answer 9

Unconfirmed information that people spread informally often by word of mouth or by using electronic devices

Question 10

Gossip

Answer 10

Rumor about people’s personal affairs

Question 11

Public opinion

Answer 11

Widespread attitudes about controversial issues

Question 12

Propaganda

Answer 12

Information presented with the intention of shaping public opinion

Question 13

Fashion

Answer 13

Social pattern favored by a large number of people

Question 14

Fad

Answer 14

Unconventional social pattern that people embrace briefly but enthusiastically

Question 15

Social movement

Answer 15

An organized activity that encourages or discourages social change

Question 16

Alternative social movement

Answer 16

Limited specific individuals

Question 17

Redemptive social movement

Answer 17

Radial specific individuals

Question 18

Reformative social movement

Answer 18

Limited everyone

Question 19

Revolutionary social movement

Answer 19

Radical everyone

Question 20

Claims making

Answer 20

The process of trying to convince the public and public officials of the importance of joining a social movement to address a particular issue

Question 21

Relative deprivation

Answer 21

A perceived disadvantage arising from some specific comparison

Question 22

This theory states that social movements arise among people who feel deprived of something such as income safe working conditions or political rights

Answer 22

Deprivation theory

Question 23

This theory states that social movements attract socially isolate people who join a movement in order to gain a sense of identity and purpose

Answer 23

Mass society theory

Question 24

This theory states that social movements depend not only on money and resources but also on cultural symbols that motivate people

Answer 24

Culture theory

Question 25

This theory states that success of a social movement is linked to available resources including money, labor, and the mass media

Answer 25

Resource mobilization theory

Question 26

This theory identifies six factors that encourage the development of social movements

Answer 26

Structural strain theory

Question 27

This theory states that social movements arise within capitalist societies that fail to meet the needs of a majority of people

Answer 27

Political economy theory

Question 28

Tho theory state that social movements in postindustrial societies are typically international in scope and focus on quality of life issues

Answer 28

New social movements theory

Question 29

Disaster

Answer 29

An event generally unexpected that causes extensive harm to people and damage to property

Question 30

Max Weber traced on the roots of most social change to

Answer 30

Ideas and beliefs

Question 31

Invention, discovery, and ___ are three important sources of cultural change

Answer 31

Diffusion

Question 32

According to ___ theory people who feel they lack enough income safe working conditions basic political rights or plain human dignity are likely to organize a social movement to bring about a more just state of affairs

Answer 32

Deprivation

Question 33

The gay community in large cities including San Francisco and New York mobilized to convince people of the dangers posed by AIDS. Through a process called ____\ people in this social movement spoke out in an effort to establish an alternative narrative and change public opinion

Answer 33

Claims making

Question 34

Which do the following is a characteristic of an crowd

Answer 34

Members share some common focus

Question 35

Modernity

Answer 35

Changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution

Question 36

Modernization

Answer 36

Process of social change begin by industrialization

Question 37

Division of labor

Answer 37

Specialized economic activity

Question 38

Anomie

Answer 38

A condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals

Question 39

Gemeinschaft is a bond of ____ as Gesellschaft is an expression of self interest

Answer 39

Community

Question 40

Emilie Durkheim understood historical social change as based on which of the following

Answer 40

The increasing division of labor

Question 41

Ferdinand Tonnies Gemeinschaft is very similar in meaning to which of Emilie Durkheim concepts

Answer 41

Mechanical solidarity

Question 42

In his sociological theory Karl Marx may have underestimated the power of ___ to cause alienation in modern society

Answer 42

Bureaucracy

Question 43

I hen asked why he believes something is true jasper says it’s true because it always has been that way. Max Weber would describe this response as an expression of

Answer 43

A traditional worldview

Question 45

A mass society

Answer 45

A society in which prosperity and bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties

Question 46

Class society

Answer 46

A capitalist society society with pronounced social stratification

Question 47

Social character

Answer 47

Personality patterns common to members of a particular society

Question 48

Traditional-directness

Answer 48

Rigid conformity to time honored ways of living

Question 49

Other-directedness

Answer 49

Openness to the latest trends and fashions often expressed by imitating others

Question 50

Jorge lives in a small farming community in South America that relies on people and animals to power the farming machines. Most everyone living there has never left the village and lives much as their ancestors lived. This social setting is an example of an ____ society

Answer 50

Traditional

Question 51

Which of the following patterns shows one important way in which the COVID 19 pandemic changed social life in the us

Answer 51

Our working lives are likely to remain more virtual with millions of people no longer going to the office and working from home instead

Question 52

Daisy lives in a society that encourages people to be flexible in their beliefs open to change and sensitive to the people around them. In David’s riesmans terms her cultural environment is correctly characterized as

Answer 52

Other directed

Question 53

According to class society theory people experience modern social life in terms of which of the following

Answer 53

Powerlessness

Question 54

According to mass society theory, high levels of geographic mobility along with exposure to diverse ways of life result in which of the following conditions

Answer 54

Weakened traditional values

Question 55

Postmodernity

Answer 55

The transformations caused by the information revolution and the postindustrial economy

Question 56

Which of the following statements correctly defines the concept postmodernism

Answer 56

Postmodernism refers to societal changes brought on by the information revolution

Question 57

Kareem is a sociologist who believes that modernity has failed us in many important respects including its inability to solve the problem of poverty. He believes that science no longer holds the answers to our problems and limits our perspective of the world. Kareem may be characterized as

Answer 57

Postmodernist

Question 58

Which of the following statements reflects postmodern theory

Answer 58

Modernity and its reliance on science have failed to meet human needs in a number of basic ways

Question 59

According to __\ theory, todays low income nations have little ability to modernize

Answer 59

Dependency

Question 60

Which dot he following statements correctly expresses the key idea of modernization theory

Answer 60

Parts of the world emerged from tradition and poverty by embracing industrialization and other technological change

Question 61

Which of the following statements correctly expresses the main idea of dependency theory

Answer 61

The main problem facing humanity is the global capitalist economy

Question 62

The concept sociologist use to refer to the transformation of culture and coal institutions over time is

Answer 62

Social change

Question 63

_ refers to the recent change to society have resulted from the industrial revolution

Answer 63

Modernity

Question 64

_ refers to the recent changes to society that have resulted from the information revolution and the postindustrial economy

Answer 64

Postmodernity

Question 65

Doctors and researches have made serious advances in medicine allowing them to better understand how the human body works and how to treat illness. This knowledge results largely from the process of _____ one of the main causes of social change

Answer 65

Discovery

Question 66

Which of the following statements expresses something that is typically true of a riot

Answer 66

A riot gives people who may have little power and are dissatisfied with their life circumstances a way to express their grievances and perhaps bring about change

Question 67

Which do the following types of social movements is characterized by extreme change in an entire population

Answer 67

Revolutionary

Question 68

The sociologist ___ argued that the religious beliefs of early Protestants played a major part in the spread of industrial capitalists

Answer 68

Max Weber

Question 69

Which do the following situations is best considered to be a new social movement

Answer 69

Students in dozens of countries doing demonstrations on the same day to raise awareness of climate change

Question 70

Kai Ericksons research provided evidence that disasters

Answer 70

Not only involve physical damage but also cause damage and disruption to community life

Question 71

Tatami argues that modernization has made her society more economically affluent but she also recognizes that prosperity and expanding bureaucracy have weakened traditional social ties. In making this claim she is speaking in a way consistent with which of the following theories

Answer 71

Mass society theory

Question 72

As a postmodernist Krystal is most likely to believe that

Answer 72

Science has failed to solve old problems and at the same time has created new problems

Question 73

According to __\ theory the solution to global poverty is to promote technological development and market economies around the world

Answer 73

Modernization

Question 74

According to mass society theory many people have material plenty but

Answer 74

Experience moral uncertainty and lack of meaning in their lives

Question 75

Which do the following sociologists claimed that modern society is defined by the loss of community so that modern people especially those living in large cities often feel isolated in an anonymous world

Answer 75

Ferdinand Tonnies

Question 76

Peter Berger identified four major characteristics of modernization which do the following is not one of the traits

Answer 76

Loss of personal choice

Question 77

Karl Marx highlighted which of the following in the process of social change?

Answer 77

Class conflict

Question 78

One stage in the life of a social movement is called "coalescence." This stage refers to which of the following?

Answer 78

The movement defining itself and "going public"

Question 79

The enormous oil spill by the tanker Exxon Valdez in 1989 is an example of which of the following types of disasters?

Answer 79

Technological disaster

Question 80

Which type of social movement seeks radical change in all of society?

Answer 80

Revolutionary social movements

Question 81

Max Weber defined modernity in terms of which of the following concepts?

Answer 81

rationalization

Question 82

The theory of postmodernity claims that, in important respects, modernity has failed to live up to its promise.

Answer 82

True

Question 83

Jeans, the type of clothing that became popular with young people in the 1960s and are very popular today with people of all ages, are actually centuries old.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

Karl Marx was a major architect of mass-society theory.

Answer 84

False

Question 85

Genocide-the systematic killing of many people-is an example of an "intentional disaster."

Answer 85

True

Question 86

The story of the Kaiapo in Brazil shows that modernization makes people better appreciate their traditions.

Answer 86

False

Question 87

In general, sociologists claim, collective behavior is easy to explain.

Answer 87

False