Chapter 16 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Demography
A
The study of human population
2
Q
Fertility
A
The incidence of childbearing in a country’s population
3
Q
Fecundity
A
Maximum possibly childbearing
4
Q
Crude birth rate
A
The number of live births in a given year for every 1000 people in a population
5
Q
Mortality
A
The incidence of death in a country’s population
6
Q
Crude dealth rate
A
The number of deaths in a given year for every 1000 people in a population
7
Q
Infant mortality rate
A
The number of deaths among infants under one year of age for each 1000 live births in a given year
8
Q
Life expectancy
A
The average life span of a country’s population
9
Q
Migration
A
The movement of people into and out of a specified territory
10
Q
Sex ratio
A
The number of males for every 100 females in a nations population
11
Q
Age sex pyramid
A
A graphic representation of the age and sex of a population
12
Q
____ is the study of the size and composition of a population
A
Demography
13
Q
How would having a high infant mortality rate affect a nations life expectancy
A
A high infant mortality rate would greatly decrease life expectancy in a country
14
Q
Demographers use _____ to refer to the incidence of childbearing in a country’s population
A
The fertility rate
15
Q
Which of the following is the best example of a push pull factor that might affect migration
A
A factory closure leaves a major employment gap in a rural area. Across the state line a new factory 1000 new job openings
16
Q
A relatively narrow bottom on an age sex pyramid would reflect a
A
Low birth rate
17
Q
Demographic transition theory
A
A thesis that links population patterns to a society’s level of technological development
18
Q
Zero population growth
A
The rate of reproduction that maintains population at a steady level
19
Q
What does demographic transition theory tell us
A
It revels how the level of technological development affects a society’s population patterns
20
Q
which of the following situations provides the best example of a demographic divide
A
The population of Italy has a relatively high percentage of older people and that country’s population is declining. The population of Nicaragua has a relatively high percentage of young people and that country’s population is increasing
21
Q
Which of the following women is most likely to limit her own fertility
A
A college educated professional woman who chooses to marry later in life
22
Q
What is one reason for high birth rates in state one of demographic transition theory
A
An abscence of birth control
23
Q
According to demographic transition theory how do stage 2 countries and stage 4 countries differ
A
Stage 2 countries are at the onset of industrialization and have falling dealth rates along with high birth rates. Stage 4 countries have a postindustrial economy with dropping birth rates and low and steady dealth rates
24
Q
Urbanization
A
The concentration of population into cities
25
Metropolis
A large city that socially and economically dominates an urban area
26
Suburbs
Urban areas beyond the political boundaries of a city
27
Megalopolis
A vast urban region containing a number of cities and their surrounding suburbs
28
How did the development of early cities change social life
People were able to specialize in their work and living standards rose
29
At what point in human history did Jericho the first city develop
About 10000 years ago
30
___ is a problem commonly associated with urban sprawl
Increased automobile use and heavy traffic
31
Which do the following locations is the best example of a megalopolis
The northeastern seaboard from Boston down to Washington DC
32
The increasing popularity of small towns such as scenic mountain communities in Colorado and Montana is an example of the trend called
The rural rebound
33
34
Gemeinschaft
Type of social organization in which people are closely tied by kinship and tradition
35
Gesellschaft
A type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self interest
36
The sociologist coined the terms gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Ferdinand tonnies
37
This sociologist did a microanalysis of urban life and described the blase urbanite
Georg simmel
38
39
These sociologists are associated with early study of us cities at the university of Chicago
Robert park and Louis wirth
40
Sociologist associated with urban political economy
Karl Marx
41
Urban ecology
The study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities
42
Community members in a rural village who all join together to celebrate a new marriage by building a house for the newlyweds exemplify Ferdinand tonnies idea of
Gemeinschaft
43
According to georg simmel, why do city dwellers appear to be indifferent to the people and activities around them
City dwellers must develop detachment as a survival strategy
44
The fact that preindustrial people built their cities on mountains or surrounded by waters is something Studied in
Urban ecology
45
Which of the following statements best exemplifies how the Marxist political economy approach views city life
Detroit fell on hard times as a result of the decline of the us auto industry and the movement of auto production overseas- all of which has occurred because capitalist production is in pursuit of profit
46
Which do the following pairs of concepts bear the most similarity
Gemeinschaft and mechanical solidarity
47
What has sparked the third urban revolution that is currently under way in the world
The third urban revolution is the result of many low income nations developing industrial cities that are attracting millions of people from the countryside
48
How has the population shifted in poor countries in recent years
More people are moving to the cities and the cities are increasing in size
49
Found in low income nations, ___ are settlements of makeshift homes built by some of the poorest people on earth from discarded materials
Shangytowns
50
The first urban revolution occurred when
Beginning around 8000 BCE with the founding of the first cities
51
By 2050 what share of the worlds people will live in urban places
68%
52
Ecology
The study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment
53
Natural environment
Earths surface and atmosphere including living organisms, air, water, soil, and other resources necessary to sustain life
54
Ecosystem
A system composed of the interaction of all living organisms and their natural environment
55
Environmental deficit
Profound long term harm to the natural environment caused by humanity’s focus on short term material affluence
56
Rainforests
Regions of dense forestation most of which BBC Rickey the globe close to the equator
57
Global warming
A rise in earths average temperature due to an increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
58
Environmental racism
Patterns of development that expose poor people especially people of color to environmental hazards
59
Environmental sexism
Environmental patterns that place girls and women at a disadvantage and threaten their well being
60
Ecologically sustainable culture
A way of life that meets the needs of the present generation is it out threatening the nonmetal legacy of future generations
61
Which of the following examples best illustrates an environmental deficit
The lumber industry cuts down acres of redwood trees each day to meet the increasing demand for wood products
62
How does the logic of growth respond to environmental concerns raised by the limits to growth thesis
According to the logic of growth scientists and other experts will always be able to find a way out of unexpected problems created by progress. To the extent that this is true there is little need for control the increase of population to limit production or to curtail our use of resources
63
Which is one well documented change in the wild that is a clear result of global climate change
The melting of polar ice caps
64
The concept of environmental ___\ describes how people with low income and people o color experience far greater environmental hazards than people with high incomes do
Racism
65
Politics affects how people experience the process of climate change. When asked in a national survey if climate change is affecting their own community, ____ percent of the people who said they were political conservatives responded not too much or not at all. By contrast among the people who identified as political progressives, ___ percent responded some or all great deal
62; 83
66
Which do the following statements most accurately describes patterns of population increase experienced in the United states
Natural increase and immigration account for about the same share of population increase
67
Which of the following situations best demonstrates strategies to promote environmentally sustainable living
A couple lives in a. Solar powered home and hose to have only one child. They limit their consumption buy recycled items, and reuse materials whenever possible
68
Which do the following statements about life expectancy in the us is correct
Make children born in 2020 can expect to live 74.2 years and female children can expect to live 79.9 years
69
How did the population increase over tbthe course of the 20th century compare to population increases of previous centuries
The rate of increase accelerated so much that global population actually quadrupled whereas it had not even doubled in any other century
70
In general which region of the us has experi need the most significant loss of population in the last decade
The heartland from North Dakota down into northern Texas
71
What factor played a major part in keeping Thomas Robert Malthuss prediction from coming true
Along with the Industrial Revolution the economic cost of raising children increased which had the effect of pushing down birth rates
72
Which statement about current projections for global population by 2050 is correct
Projections place global population at 9.7 billion by 2050
73
Which do the following statements about snowmelt and sunbelt cities is correct
Decades ago, snow belt citi s became surrounded by a ring of politically independent suburbs. As more wealthy people moved to suburbia the inner cities became poorer. By contrast sunbelt cities have simply expand d into the surrounding regions increasing their populations
74
Which of the following statements about edge cities is correct
Most edge cities do not have clear physical boundaries and they contain mostly office building shopping lakes and entertainment complexes
75
Which do the following statements correctly explains the differdifference not between how Ferdinand tonnies and the mile Durkheim saw city dwellers
Tonnies believed that urban living weakened our ties to one another. Durkheim believed that urbane living just changed those tie from what was typically in rural places
76
Urban ecologist point out that as the Industrial Revolution was getting underway l, all the major us cities were
Situated on rivers or natural harbors in order to facilitate trade
77
The limits to growth thesis is most closely linked to the ideas of
Robert Thomas Malthus
78
Encironmentalists claim that humanity has an ___ outlook that sets our own interest as standards for how to live rather than seeking to live in a Way that is sustainable
Egocentric
79
When did the world population start to spike upward
Around 1750
80
Which of the following statements about consumption of resources in the us is correct
The average person living in the us consumes about 50x as much energy water and other resources as the average person living in a low income country such as Tanzania
81
Which of the following concepts, used by Emile Durkheim, means about the same thing as Tönnies's concept, Gesellschaft?
Organic solidarity
82
The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to ________
the number of males for every 100 females in the population.
83
Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing for women?
Fecundity
84
Which of the following statements correctly describes societies at the postindustrial level of technological development?
Birth rates are low.
Death rates are steady.
Both A and B are true.
None of the other responses is correct.
Both A and B are true
85
Today, the world is home to about how many people?
7 billion
86
Which of the following statements expresses the "limits to growth" thesis?
We are rapidly consuming the Earth's finite resources.
87
Zero population growth" refers to cases in which a nation's birth rate drops to zero.
False
88
Demographic transition theory states that humanity must act now to reduce fertility if we are to save the planet.
False
89
The limits to growth thesis states that humans can expect to solve whatever environmental problems come along.
False
90
Environmental racism is a pattern by which environmental hazards are greatest for the poor, especially poor minorities.
True
91
In the United States, the infant mortality rate for African Americans is more than twice as high as it is for white people.
True
92
The forced transport of 10 million slaves from Africa to the Americas is an example of involuntary migration.
True
93
R1
30
94
Commissioners
23
95
Athletic director
14
96
Title 9
Equal opportunity regardless of sex
97
Proportion of students that are female matches proportion of all athletes
In 2019 usually full time undergrad were 47 male 53 women so we would have to have just under half man and over half them women
98
Total participants
Unduplicated students- count them one time
Athletically related student aid
