Chronic inflammation 1&2 Flashcards Preview

Principles of disease JK > Chronic inflammation 1&2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chronic inflammation 1&2 Deck (31)
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1
Q

What is the majority of the cell population?

A

Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Plasma cells

2
Q

What does chronic inflammation feature?

A

Loss of function or necrosis

3
Q

How can chronic inflammation arise?

A

Follow on from acute inflammation if there is a large amount of damage or can be primary

4
Q

Healing and repair includes

A

Granulation tissue

Scarring and fibrosis

5
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Patches tissue defects and replaces dead tissue

Contracts and pulls together

6
Q

Succession of events of organisation

A

Capillaries => inflammatory mass => access of plasma protein => Macrophage from blood and tissue => fibroblast lay down collagen => Collagen replaces exudate

7
Q

Products of granulation tissue

A

Fibrous tissue - scar
Fibrosis - less movement
Can lead to chronic inflammation

8
Q

Primary chronic inflammation

A
  • Autoimmune disease eg rheumatoid arthritis
  • Material resistant to digestion eg mycobacteria
  • Exogenous substance - suture, hip replacement
  • Endogenous substance - in wrong place eg keratin
9
Q

What is a plasma cell?

A

Undifferentiated B cell ==> antibody

b cell presents antigen to Macrophage

10
Q

What do T cells produce?

A

Cytokines to attract macrophages
Interferons that are antiviral
Kill cells

11
Q

NK cells

A

Destroy antigens and cells

12
Q

What do macrophages do? (2)

A

Remove debris

Antigen presentation

13
Q

What is a macrophage?

A

A motile phagocyte
Takes over from neutrophils
Contains enzyme eg lysosome and can produce interferon

14
Q

Fibroblasts are…

A

Motile
Make collagen
Metabolically active

15
Q

Granulomatous infection

A

Granuloma in tissues and cause serious infection

Aggregation if macrophage in epithelium cells and look like epithelium

16
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Lump of macrophages

17
Q

Granulomas

A

May contain giant cells, neutrophil, eosinophil
Type 4 hypersensitivity
Surrounded by lymphocytes

18
Q

Giant cell

A

Fusion of macrophage to from larger cells

Large cytoplasm and multiple nuclei

19
Q

Langhans giant cells

A

TB - peripheral rim of nuclei with a large eosinophilic nuclei

20
Q

Infectious granulomatous infection

A

TB - mycobacterium TB
Leprosy - mycobacterium leprae
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum

21
Q

Non infective granulomas

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Crohns disease

22
Q

Wound healing

A

Repair by granulation tissue formation
Phase of acute inflammation and angiogenesis
Fibrosis and scar formation

23
Q

Surgical scar

A

Primary intention

Small and linear with a small amount of granulation tissue

24
Q

Larger defect scar

A

Secondary intention

Lots of granulation tissue and contract and scar

25
Q

What are some examples that favour wound healing

A

Nutrition
Metabolic stability
Cleanliness
Apposition of edges

26
Q

What are some examples that impair wound healing

A

Poorly nourished
Inhibition of angiogenesis
Abnormal CHO metabolism

27
Q

Fracture healing

A

Situation in bone ossification

Callus around broken bone and soft tissue

28
Q

Granulation tissue in fracture healing

A

Osteoblast and fibroblast

29
Q

VEGF

A

Released by hypoxic cells and stimulates proliferation

30
Q

Angiogenesis and organisation in thrombosis

A

Limits thrombus propagation

31
Q

Angiogenesis in malignant tumour

A

Tumour grows