Flashcards in Chronic inflammation 1&2 Deck (31)
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1
What is the majority of the cell population?
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Plasma cells
2
What does chronic inflammation feature?
Loss of function or necrosis
3
How can chronic inflammation arise?
Follow on from acute inflammation if there is a large amount of damage or can be primary
4
Healing and repair includes
Granulation tissue
Scarring and fibrosis
5
Granulation tissue
Patches tissue defects and replaces dead tissue
Contracts and pulls together
6
Succession of events of organisation
Capillaries => inflammatory mass => access of plasma protein => Macrophage from blood and tissue => fibroblast lay down collagen => Collagen replaces exudate
7
Products of granulation tissue
Fibrous tissue - scar
Fibrosis - less movement
Can lead to chronic inflammation
8
Primary chronic inflammation
- Autoimmune disease eg rheumatoid arthritis
- Material resistant to digestion eg mycobacteria
- Exogenous substance - suture, hip replacement
- Endogenous substance - in wrong place eg keratin
9
What is a plasma cell?
Undifferentiated B cell ==> antibody
b cell presents antigen to Macrophage
10
What do T cells produce?
Cytokines to attract macrophages
Interferons that are antiviral
Kill cells
11
NK cells
Destroy antigens and cells
12
What do macrophages do? (2)
Remove debris
Antigen presentation
13
What is a macrophage?
A motile phagocyte
Takes over from neutrophils
Contains enzyme eg lysosome and can produce interferon
14
Fibroblasts are...
Motile
Make collagen
Metabolically active
15
Granulomatous infection
Granuloma in tissues and cause serious infection
Aggregation if macrophage in epithelium cells and look like epithelium
16
What is a granuloma?
Lump of macrophages
17
Granulomas
May contain giant cells, neutrophil, eosinophil
Type 4 hypersensitivity
Surrounded by lymphocytes
18
Giant cell
Fusion of macrophage to from larger cells
Large cytoplasm and multiple nuclei
19
Langhans giant cells
TB - peripheral rim of nuclei with a large eosinophilic nuclei
20
Infectious granulomatous infection
TB - mycobacterium TB
Leprosy - mycobacterium leprae
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
21
Non infective granulomas
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Crohns disease
22
Wound healing
Repair by granulation tissue formation
Phase of acute inflammation and angiogenesis
Fibrosis and scar formation
23
Surgical scar
Primary intention
Small and linear with a small amount of granulation tissue
24
Larger defect scar
Secondary intention
Lots of granulation tissue and contract and scar
25
What are some examples that favour wound healing
Nutrition
Metabolic stability
Cleanliness
Apposition of edges
26
What are some examples that impair wound healing
Poorly nourished
Inhibition of angiogenesis
Abnormal CHO metabolism
27
Fracture healing
Situation in bone ossification
Callus around broken bone and soft tissue
28
Granulation tissue in fracture healing
Osteoblast and fibroblast
29
VEGF
Released by hypoxic cells and stimulates proliferation
30
