Tumour Pathology 1-3 Flashcards Preview

Principles of disease JK > Tumour Pathology 1-3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Tumour Pathology 1-3 Deck (34)
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1
Q

Tumour

A

A mass lesion capable of autonomous growth

2
Q

High => low 5 year survival rates

A

Melanoma, breast, prostate, colon, lung

3
Q

Name the 6 tissues for tumours

A

Blood, epithelium, connective tissue, lymphoid tissue, neural tissue, germ cell

4
Q

Malignant

A

Capsule absent and invasive
Poorly differentiated and will spread
Loss of function

5
Q

Benign

A

Capsule present and does not spread - rare death

6
Q

Epithelium tumour

A

GLANDULAR - Adenoma or adenocarcinoma

SQUAMOUS- squamous papilloma or squamous carcinoma

7
Q

Connective tissue

A

BONE - Osteoma or osteosarcoma
FAT - lipoma or liposarcoma
FIBROUS TISSUE - Fibroma or fibrosarcoma

8
Q

White blood cell tumour

A

Leukaemia

9
Q

Lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphoma

10
Q

Neural tissue

A

CNS - Astrocytoma

PNS - Schawannoma

11
Q

Germ cell

A

Teratoma - ovarian benign testicular malignant

12
Q

Cancer cells altered genetics

A

Lose tumour suppressor genes and gain function of oncogenes

13
Q

Cancer altered cellular function

A

Tumour related proteins - biomarkers
Lose cell to cell adhesion
Altered cell matrix adhesion

14
Q

Tumour related proteins

A

Oncofetal proteins
Oncogenes
Growth factors and receptors

15
Q

What are tumour related proteins used for

A
  • screening
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
16
Q

Alpha fetoprotein

A

Teratoma of testis and liver cell

17
Q

CEA

A

Colorectal cancer

18
Q

Kras

A

colorectal cancer mutated = uneffective drug

19
Q

EGFR

A

Lung cancer mutated = effective drug

20
Q

Braf

A

Skin cancer

21
Q

Her2

A

Breast and gastric cancer

22
Q

Pleomorphism

A

Cancer cells abnormal in size and shape and also their mitoses

23
Q

Angiogenesis

A

New blood vessel formation by tumours and allow for spread

24
Q

Apoptosis

A

Key to balance growth by angiogenesis and involved in response to chemotherapy

25
Q

What is metastasis related to

A

Tumour and tissue related factors

26
Q

Blood spread

A

Adhere to blood vessel

27
Q

Lymphatic spread

A

Adhere to lymph vessel and invade lymph node which acts as clinical evidence

28
Q

Trans-coelomic spread

A

Across body cavities

29
Q

Common sites of metastasis

A

Liver, lung, brain, axial skeleton and adrenals

30
Q

Uncommon sites of metastasis

A

Spleen, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle

31
Q

Local effect of benign tumour

A

Pressure and Obstruction

32
Q

Local effects of malignant tumours

A

Pain (bone and nerve), obstruction, bleeding, tissue destruction and mucosal ulcers

33
Q

Systemic effects of malignant tumours

A
  • secretion of normal/abnormal hormones

- paraneoplastic syndrome - immune mechanism

34
Q

Dysplasia

A

Pre malignant cells that change in some parts of the body look like cancer cells but no invasion eg cervix, bowel, breast and is the earliest visible change