Principles of immunisation Flashcards Preview

Principles of disease JK > Principles of immunisation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Principles of immunisation Deck (17)
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1
Q

Human normal immunoglobulin

A

Contains all antibodies from unselected pool of random blood donors eg measles, polio, Hep A

2
Q

Human, specific immunoglobulin

A

Blood donors have high antibody level against target organism eg Hep B, tetanus

3
Q

Passive immunity

A

No long term effect as no memory but provides instant protection

4
Q

Active immunity

A

Antigen stimulates response and memory created

5
Q

Antibody response with successive occurences

A

IgM first then IgG - next time a quick response due to IgG

6
Q

Vaccination

A

The administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual’s immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen

7
Q

Temporary constraints

A

Febrile illness

Pregnancy - cannot be given live attenuated vaccines

8
Q

Permanent constraints

A

Allergic or immunocompromised

9
Q

Live attenuated

A

Still alive but reduced virulence although can mutate back eg MMR

10
Q

Killed

A

Killed with formaldehyde and needs boosters as is a weaker response eg rabies, Hep A

11
Q

Acellular vaccines

A

Use antigen and suitable for immunocompromised

12
Q

Toxoid vaccines

A

Bacterial toxin treated with formalin eg tetanus

13
Q

Subunit vaccine

A

Use epitope not the whole antigen

14
Q

Conjugate vaccine

A

Link antigen to the polysaccharide so does not evade immune system eg HPV, Hep B

15
Q

DNA vaccine

A

Use DNA only and cells make antigens

16
Q

Adjuvant

A

A substance which enhances the body’s immune response to the antigen eg aluminium salts

17
Q

Herd immunity

A

Reduce risk of people who cannot receive vaccine becoming infected as reduces risk of exposure