CLASSIFYING THE HUMAN SKELETON

Question 1

What are the function of the human skeleton

Answer 1

Support

Protection

movement

Blood cell production

Storage of nutrients

Question 2

Outline cartilage

Answer 2

semi rigid dense connective tissue containing chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of collagen.

resistant to force, where flexibility is needed.
articulates joints
avascular

Question 3

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 3

closely packed collagen fibres

supports

areas to reduce friction, allow movement

articular surfaces, costal cartilage, nose tip

Question 4

Elastic cartilage

Answer 4

elastic fibres ECM

resiliant, flexible

soft areas needing to hold shape

ears, throat

Question 5

Fibrocartilage

Answer 5

Interwoven collagen ECM

tough

joining bones in cavities

meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 6

Outline ligaments

Answer 6

dense bands of CT attach bones to each other for support and strength

reinforce joints, flexible but strong end to end

collagen fibres like strains of a rope.

Question 7

Outline joints

Answer 7

area where adjacent bones interact. allow movement. classified by function (movement) and structure

Question 8

Synarthrosis

Answer 8

No movement.

bony edges close together

strong, movement must be prevented

parietal bones

Question 9

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 9

little movement.

moderate strength and movement

connects by collagen or cartilage

pubic symphysis

Question 10

Diarthrosis

Answer 10

free movement

joint articulation like shoulder for free movement

Question 11

Fibrous joint

Answer 11

articular surface fibrous CT

Question 12

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 12

firmly held together by hyaline or fibrocartilage

Question 13

Synovial joint

Answer 13

freely moveable

articular cartilage and synovial fluid cavity and membrane

supported by fibrous capsule and ligaments

Question 14

Types of synovial joints by movement

Answer 14

gliding 
condylar
hinge
saddle
pivot
ball and socket

Question 15

gliding joints

Answer 15

flat, gliding

Question 16

condylar joints

Answer 16

oval surface depression, angular (2 planes)

Question 17

Hinge joints

Answer 17

back and forth (1 plane)

Question 18

Saddle joints

Answer 18

concave and convex on axes, angular, circumduction, NOT ROTATION

Question 19

Ball and socket

Answer 19

round end sits in cup depression, all movement

Question 20

Outline bone

Answer 20

osseous tissue with specialised cells and mineralised matrix

compact:
otuside, vascularised, calcified

spongy:
mineralised trabecular, avascular (mostly), surrounding marrow or adipose

Question 21

types of bones

Answer 21

short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
long

Question 22

short bone

Answer 22

cuboidal shaped, small boxy

Question 23

flat bone

Answer 23

thin, parallel surface, protection

Question 24

irregular bone

Answer 24

complex shapes

Question 25

sesamoid bone

Answer 25

sesame seed shaped, develop in tendon near a joint. protect tendons for wear.

Question 26

long bone

Answer 26

tubular shaped, slender largest medullary cavities (bone marrow) vascularised site of growth

Question 27

parts of long bones

Answer 27

epiphysis: ends of bone diaphysis: shaft, medullary cavity metaphysis: between diaphysis and epiphysis, epiphyseal plate

Question 28

what are epiphyseal plates

Answer 28

layer of hyaline cartilage at ends of growing long bones new bone growth causing elongation when finished, epiphyseal line

Question 29

what is a bony landmark

Answer 29

provide fixed point to determine position of joints and identify a bone.

Question 30

what is a tubercle

Answer 30

eminence often a site of tendon/ligament attachment. lesser or greater ``` tuberosity = larger trochanter = femur ```

Question 31

what is a line/ridge

Answer 31

linear elevation often with a rough surface

Question 32

what is a foramen

Answer 32

passage/hollow part though a bone

Question 33

what is a condyle

Answer 33

knuckle like prominence for articulation

Question 34

what is an epicondyle

Answer 34

eminence superior or adjacent to condyle for attachments.

Question 35

Breakfast Lunch Dinner

Answer 35

Crunchy 7 tasty 12 light 5