CLASSIFYING THE HUMAN SKELETON Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

What are the function of the human skeleton

A

Support

Protection

movement

Blood cell production

Storage of nutrients

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2
Q

Outline cartilage

A

semi rigid dense connective tissue containing chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of collagen.

resistant to force, where flexibility is needed.
articulates joints
avascular

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3
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

closely packed collagen fibres

supports

areas to reduce friction, allow movement

articular surfaces, costal cartilage, nose tip

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4
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

elastic fibres ECM

resiliant, flexible

soft areas needing to hold shape

ears, throat

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5
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Interwoven collagen ECM

tough

joining bones in cavities

meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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6
Q

Outline ligaments

A

dense bands of CT attach bones to each other for support and strength

reinforce joints, flexible but strong end to end

collagen fibres like strains of a rope.

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7
Q

Outline joints

A

area where adjacent bones interact. allow movement. classified by function (movement) and structure

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8
Q

Synarthrosis

A

No movement.

bony edges close together

strong, movement must be prevented

parietal bones

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9
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

little movement.

moderate strength and movement

connects by collagen or cartilage

pubic symphysis

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10
Q

Diarthrosis

A

free movement

joint articulation like shoulder for free movement

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11
Q

Fibrous joint

A

articular surface fibrous CT

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12
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

firmly held together by hyaline or fibrocartilage

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13
Q

Synovial joint

A

freely moveable

articular cartilage and synovial fluid cavity and membrane

supported by fibrous capsule and ligaments

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14
Q

Types of synovial joints by movement

A
gliding 
condylar
hinge
saddle
pivot
ball and socket
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15
Q

gliding joints

A

flat, gliding

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16
Q

condylar joints

A

oval surface depression, angular (2 planes)

17
Q

Hinge joints

A

back and forth (1 plane)

18
Q

Saddle joints

A

concave and convex on axes, angular, circumduction, NOT ROTATION

19
Q

Ball and socket

A

round end sits in cup depression, all movement

20
Q

Outline bone

A

osseous tissue with specialised cells and mineralised matrix

compact:
otuside, vascularised, calcified

spongy:
mineralised trabecular, avascular (mostly), surrounding marrow or adipose

21
Q

types of bones

A
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
long
22
Q

short bone

A

cuboidal shaped, small boxy

23
Q

flat bone

A

thin, parallel surface, protection

24
Q

irregular bone

A

complex shapes

25
sesamoid bone
sesame seed shaped, develop in tendon near a joint. protect tendons for wear.
26
long bone
tubular shaped, slender largest medullary cavities (bone marrow) vascularised site of growth
27
parts of long bones
epiphysis: ends of bone diaphysis: shaft, medullary cavity metaphysis: between diaphysis and epiphysis, epiphyseal plate
28
what are epiphyseal plates
layer of hyaline cartilage at ends of growing long bones new bone growth causing elongation when finished, epiphyseal line
29
what is a bony landmark
provide fixed point to determine position of joints and identify a bone.
30
what is a tubercle
eminence often a site of tendon/ligament attachment. lesser or greater ``` tuberosity = larger trochanter = femur ```
31
what is a line/ridge
linear elevation often with a rough surface
32
what is a foramen
passage/hollow part though a bone
33
what is a condyle
knuckle like prominence for articulation
34
what is an epicondyle
eminence superior or adjacent to condyle for attachments.
35
Breakfast Lunch Dinner
Crunchy 7 tasty 12 light 5