Flashcards in Clinical V Renal Deck (51)
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1
what are histological alterations of the filtration mechanism associated with glomerular injury?
hypercellularity
thickening of the BM
hyalinosis and sclerosis
2
what are causes of glomerular kidney disorder?
immunological
toxic or infectious agents
3
what are example of glomerular kidney disorders?
glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
4
what are some causes of tubular kidney disorders?
toxic
ischemia
mechanical
5
what are some causes of interstitial kidney disorders?
infectious
medication
6
what are examples of vascular kidney disorders?
hypertension
vasculitis
7
what is acute proliferative (post streptococcal Post infectious) glomerular nephritis
inflammation reaction = injury of the capillary wall
there is an escape of RBCs
leads to nephrotic syndrome
8
what are the symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome?
hematuria
oliguria
HTN
proteinuria
edema
9
where might you find Ag-Ab complexes - electron dense deposits?
subendothelial - circulating, granular
subepithelial - in situ, granular
membranous - in situ, linear
mesangial
10
what occurs with hypercellularity in post streptococcal GN?
endothelial and mesangial cells
infiltration of neutrophils
crescent formation
11
what can you see with immunoflourescence in post streptococcal GN?
GRANULAR deposits of IgG, IgM and complement along BM
12
what can you see using electron micrograph in post streptococcal GN?
subendothelial intramembraneous and subepithelial hump against the GBM
13
what is Mesangial proliferative GM (IgA nephropathy)? What population is it commonly found in? What type of injury?
upper respiratory tract infection
young children and adults
diffuse and global injury
14
what are histological symptoms of Mesangial proliferative GM (IgA nephropathy)
increased mesangial maxtrix and cellularity
EM = electron dense deposits in the mesangium
IF = deposits of IgA (HALLMARK)*
associated with nephrotic syndrome
15
what is nephrotic syndrome?
increase in permeability of the capillary wall to plasma proteins
16
what are characteritstics of the PCT?
resorption
excretion
Mv
17
what is the function of the loop of Henle in relation to the tubules?
create a hypertonic environment surrounding the tubules
18
what are characteristics of the DCT?
macula densa
well developed basal foldings
19
what can cause tubular and interstitial injury?
drugs
iodine containing contrast agents
metals
infections
hypovolemic shock
20
what protein is affected in the adolescent congenital polycystic disease of the kidney?
fibroystin
21
what type of disease is the kind that affects kids congenital polycystic disease of the kidney?
autosomal recessive PKD
22
what protein is defective in adult congenital polycystic disease of the kidney?
polycystin
23
what type of disease is adult congenital polycystic disease of the kidney?
autosomal dominant PKD
24
what is the most common cause of acute tubular necrosis?
acute ischemia
25
what can you see with light microscopy of acute tubular necrosis(tubular injury)?
PCT - dilated tubules and flat epithelium
loss of brush borders and infoldings
26
what are common causes of acute pyelonephritis?
acute suppurative bacterial infection
BPH
pregnancy
27
what will you find in light microscopy of acute pyelonephritis?
neutrophil infiltration of the renal interstitum and tubules
28
chronic inflammation and obstruction of the drainging system (calyces, ureters) associated with acute pyelonephritis may result in what?
hydronephrosis /hydroureters
29
what does chronic pyelonephritis result in?
vesicourethral reflux
corticomedullary scaring
papillary necrosis
30
