Clinical VI Respiratory

Question 1

what are the symptoms of laryngeal cancer?

Answer 1

hoarseness of voice < 3 mo
sore throat
persistant couch
no fever
weight loss
smokers/drinkers

Question 2

what are some functions of microtubules?

Answer 2

maintain cell shape and orientation (polarity)
axoneme of cilia and flagella
form spindle for meiosis and mitosis
mediate intracellular movement of vesicles

Question 3

what is Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome)?

Answer 3

genetic, autosomal recessive disorder

mutation in genees that code for ciliary proteins - tubulin, dynein

Question 4

what does Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome) result in?

Answer 4

situs inversus
receurrent pulomonary infections
sterility in males

Question 5

what does Karagener’s syndrome (Immotile cilia syndrome) equal?

Answer 5

primary ciliary dyskinesia + situs inversus

Question 6

what is asthma?

Answer 6

widespread constriction of smooth muscles int eh bronchioles - decrease the diameter

Question 7

what is asthma associated with?

Answer 7

extreme difficulty in expiring air
accumulation of mucus in passage ways
infiltration of inflammatory cells

Question 8

how is asthma treated?

Answer 8

with drugs
alburterol - vasodilator
corticosteroids - anti inflammatory

Question 9

what lung diseases make up COPD?

Answer 9

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

Question 10

what are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 10

chronic cough with expectoration ( of sputum)
> 3 consecutive mo.
similar episodes for the past 2 years

Question 11

why is there a cough with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 11

due to airway obstruction

Question 12

why is the expectoration with chronic bronchitis?

Answer 12

due to increased mucus production

Question 13

what type of diagnosis is chronic bronchitis?

Answer 13

clinical diagnosis

Question 14

what does chronic bronchitis effect?

Answer 14

both large and small airways

Question 15

what is emphysema?

Answer 15

permanent dilatation and destruction of airways distal to terminal bronchioles without obvious fibrosis

Question 16

what type of diagnosis is emphysema?

Answer 16

morphological/histological diagnosis

Question 17

what is the 4th leading COD in US?

Answer 17

COPD

Question 18

what is important to remember about emphysema and neutrophils?

Answer 18

neutrophils contain specific and non specific granules that contain collagenase, elastase etc.

Question 19

what does the liver produce that counteracts the elastase and no damage is done to elastic fibers?

Answer 19

alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT)

Question 20

what is noted in a chest x ray of a person wtih emphysema?

Answer 20

depressed diaphragm

marked pulmonary hyperinflation

Question 21

what is cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) ?

Answer 21

autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the CFTR gene on chromosome 7

Question 22

what are Cl- channel proteins involved in?

Answer 22

the alteration of mucus and digetive secretions, swear, tears

Question 23

what does abnormal epithelial transport of Cl- affect?

Answer 23

the viscosity of the secretion of the exocrine glands

Question 24

what is result of cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)?

Answer 24

almost all exocrine glands secrete abnormally viscid mucus that obstructs the glands and their excretory duct

pulmonary infection due to an exaggerated and ineffective inflammatory response

Question 25

what is hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

Answer 25

collapsed atelectatic and poorly developed alveoli

Question 25

what is hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

Answer 25

collapsed atelectatic and poorly developed alveoli

Question 26

what type of membranes line the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli?

Answer 26

eosinophilic hyaline membranes

Question 26

what type of membranes line the bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli?

Answer 26

eosinophilic hyaline membranes

Question 27

what happens to the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

Answer 27

dilated

Question 27

what happens to the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

Answer 27

dilated

Question 28

what is a symptoms of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

Answer 28

intense vascular congestion

Question 28

what is a symptoms of hyaline membrane disease (IRDS)?

Answer 28

intense vascular congestion

Question 29

in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS) the walls of the collapsed alveoli are ___, and the lymphatics are filled with ____.

Answer 29

thick | proteinaceous material

Question 29

in hyaline membrane disease (IRDS) the walls of the collapsed alveoli are ___, and the lymphatics are filled with ____.

Answer 29

thick | proteinaceous material

Question 30

what is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women?

Answer 30

lung cancer

Question 30

what is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women?

Answer 30

lung cancer

Question 31

lung cancer is 90% a consequence of what?

Answer 31

smoking

Question 31

lung cancer is 90% a consequence of what?

Answer 31

smoking

Question 32

what are the two types of lung cancer?

Answer 32

``` squamous cell carcinoma small cell (oat cell) carcinoma ```

Question 32

what are the two types of lung cancer?

Answer 32

``` squamous cell carcinoma small cell (oat cell) carcinoma ```

Question 33

where and how does squamous cell carcinoma arise in the bronchi?

Answer 33

where the respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic irritation

Question 33

where and how does squamous cell carcinoma arise in the bronchi?

Answer 33

where the respiratory epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium due to chronic irritation

Question 34

what does initial metaplasia in lung cancer lead to?

Answer 34

dysplasia and then to carcinoma (malignant)

Question 34

what does initial metaplasia in lung cancer lead to?

Answer 34

dysplasia and then to carcinoma (malignant)