colonial rule served to integrate Africa and Asia into the global market that was mainly centered in Europe »most lands were devoted towards producing cash crops for the market- Burmese rice farmers and W African cocoa farmers benefitted while Indian wheat farmers endured famine
some modernization was conveyed to the colonies »>improved administration, bureaucratic structures, communication (telegraph) and transportation (roads, railroads), also new schools and health care
no major breakthrough to modern industrial society though (no Industrial Revolution)